H-receptor antagonists: Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

Dual effect of a new compound, rupatadine, on edema induced by platelet-activating factor and histamine in dogs: Comparison with antihistamines and PAF antagonists

“…2). Our results for cetirizine and loratadine are similar to those reported by other authors in humans [Clissold et al, 1989;Simons, 1989Simons, , 1990Simons and Simons, 1991;Spencer et a]., 19931. Levocabastine, however, produced a similar maximum inhibition but a longer duration of effect (72 h following the administration of 10 mg/kg).…”

Involvement of thromboxane A2 and peptide leukotrienes in early and late phase nasal blockage in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis

“…Moreover, we obtained evidence that TXA 2 and p-LTs are involved in the pathogenesis of nasal blockage in this experimental allergic rhinitis model. Antihistaminic drugs and glucocorticoids have been used extensively for the treatment of human allergic rhinitis, and it has been recognized that the former relieve immediate sneezing but not nasal blockage [4,5], while the latter alleviate nasal blockage and nasal hyperresponsiveness in patients with allergic rhinitis [23 -25]. The results of the present study with terfenadine and dexamethasone indicate that the effects of these two classes of drugs on the antigen-induced Although many similarities are in this guinea pig model and human allergic rhinitis, we should also point out that a difference is in them.…”

“…Histamine, one of these chemical mediators, is known to participate in the onset of sneezing and rhinorrhea, because treatment of patients with antihistaminic drugs substantially relieves these symptoms [4,5]. On the other hand, other chemical mediators seem to be implicated in the development of nasal blockage, because antihistaminic drugs have little effect on this symptom [4,5].…”

“…Histamine, one of these chemical mediators, is known to participate in the onset of sneezing and rhinorrhea, because treatment of patients with antihistaminic drugs substantially relieves these symptoms [4,5]. On the other hand, other chemical mediators seem to be implicated in the development of nasal blockage, because antihistaminic drugs have little effect on this symptom [4,5]. It has been reported that thromboxane (TX) A 2 and peptide leukotriene (p-LT) antagonists suppress nasal blockage in the early phase response following allergen provocation in guinea pig models [6 -8] and in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis [9,10].…”

Development of pollen-induced allergic rhinitis with early and late phase nasal blockage in guinea pigs

“…It has been reported that sneezing and rhinorrhea in allergic rhinitis could be substantially inhibited by treating patients with anti-histaminic drugs, because these symptoms are triggered via the stimulation of the nasal terminals of the trigeminus nerve mainly by histamine [4,5]. On the other hand allergic nasal blockage, another symptom, is relatively serious because only glucocorticoids [6,7] and a-stimulants [8,9] are effective against it.…”