H3N2 canine influenza virus with the matrix gene from the pandemic A/H1N1 virus: infection dynamics in dogs and ferrets

Moon, Heejang; Hong, Min Eui; Kim, J K; Seon, Bo Hyeon; Na, Woon Sung; Park, Seongjun; An, Dong-Jun; Jeoung, Hye-Young; Kim, Doo‐Jin; Kim, J M; Kim, S H; Webby, Richard J.; Webster, Robert G.; Kang, Byungjun; Song, Dae Sub

doi:10.1017/s0950268814001617

Cited by 37 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…If we consider that dogs are used as companion and working animals as well as a source of food, it is feasible to think that they can become-like pigs-another "mixing vessel" species in which avian, human, and canine viruses can reassort and originate new viruses with pandemic potential. Our data and previous work (29,47) support this view. However, differences in life span and population structure might play a role in the generation of pandemic viruses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This important finding was not described by the authors of the original report because they focused their analysis only on the HA and NA genes (16). It is alarming that despite being a relatively "young" virus (we estimated the time of emergence to ϳ2004), CIV has already reassorted with human (29,47) and avian (this report) influenza viruses. Such reassortment events included various gene segments (HA, MP, and NS) within the genetic background of both human and canine IAVs, clearly showing that the gene pool of avian, human, and canine viruses is indeed compatible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…S3 in the supplemental material, respectively). While this was expected for A/canine/Korea/MV1/2012 as it has been shown to be a reassortant virus (47), this result was unexpected for A/canine/Guangdong/2/2007. To identify the origin of the NS segment of A/canine/Guangdong/2/2007, we collected 775 NS sequences from different hosts (see Materials and Methods) and inferred a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree using RAxML.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Origins and Evolutionary Dynamics of H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus

Zhu

Hughes

Murcia

2015

J Virol

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Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are maintained mainly in wild birds, and despite frequent spillover infections of avian IAVs into mammals, only a small number of viruses have become established in mammalian hosts. A new H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) of avian origin emerged in Asia in the mid-2000s and is now circulating in dog populations of China and South Korea, and possibly in Thailand. The emergence of CIV provides new opportunities for zoonotic infections and interspecies transmission. We examined 14,764 complete IAV genomes together with all CIV genomes publicly available since its first isolation until 2013. We show that CIV may have originated as early as 1999 as a result of segment reassortment among Eurasian and North American avian IAV lineages. We also identified amino acid changes that might have played a role in CIV emergence, some of which have not been previously identified in other cross-species jumps. CIV evolves at a lower rate than H3N2 human influenza viruses do, and viral phylogenies exhibit geographical structure compatible with high levels of local transmission. We detected multiple intrasubtypic and heterosubtypic reassortment events, including the acquisition of the NS segment of an H5N1 avian influenza virus that had previously been overlooked. In sum, our results provide insight into the adaptive changes required by avian viruses to establish themselves in mammals and also highlight the potential role of dogs to act as intermediate hosts in which viruses with zoonotic and/or pandemic potential could originate, particularly with an estimated dog population of ϳ700 million. IMPORTANCEInfluenza A viruses circulate in humans and animals. This multihost ecology has important implications, as past pandemics were caused by IAVs carrying gene segments of both human and animal origin. Adaptive evolution is central to cross-species jumps, and this is why understanding the evolutionary processes that shape influenza A virus genomes is key to elucidating the mechanisms underpinning viral emergence. An avian-origin canine influenza virus (CIV) has recently emerged in dogs and is spreading in Asia. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of CIV and show that it originated from both Eurasian and North American avian lineages. We also identified the mutations that might have been responsible for the cross-species jump. Finally, we provide evidence of multiple reassortment events between CIV and other influenza viruses (including an H5N1 avian virus). This is a cause for concern, as there is a large global dog population to which humans are highly exposed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Origins and Evolutionary Dynamics of H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus

Zhu

Hughes

Murcia

2015

J Virol

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“…This new reassortant virus was less pathogenic than classical CIV in experimentally infected dogs. An A(H3N2) CIV isolate containing a matrix gene from 2009 pandemic A(H1N1) virus (CIV/H3N2mv) was also isolated from dogs [49]. Ferrets and dogs experimentally infected with CIV/H3N2mv displayed signs of respiratory infection, and the virus had the capacity of efficient transmission between cohoused dogs and cohoused ferrets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Molecular, Antigenic, and Pathological Features of Canine Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses That Emerged in the United States

Pulit-Penaloza

Simpson

Yang

et al. 2017

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background A single subtype of canine influenza virus (CIV), A(H3N8), was circulating in the United States until a new subtype, A(H3N2), was detected in Illinois in spring 2015. Since then, this CIV has caused thousands of infections in dogs in multiple states. Methods In this study, genetic and antigenic properties of the new CIV were evaluated. In addition, structural and glycan array binding features of the recombinant hemagglutinin were determined. Replication kinetics in human airway cells and pathogenesis and transmissibility in animal models were also assessed. Results A(H3N2) CIVs maintained molecular and antigenic features related to low pathogenicity avian influenza A(H3N2) viruses and were distinct from A(H3N8) CIVs. The structural and glycan array binding profile confirmed these findings and revealed avian-like receptor-binding specificity. While replication kinetics in human airway epithelial cells was on par with that of seasonal influenza viruses, mild-to-moderate disease was observed in infected mice and ferrets, and the virus was inefficiently transmitted among cohoused ferrets. Conclusions Further adaptation is needed for A(H3N2) CIVs to present a likely threat to humans. However, the potential for coinfection of dogs and possible reassortment of human and other animal influenza A viruses presents an ongoing risk to public health.

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“…Despite its recent emergence, reassortants between H3N2 CIV and other influenza viruses, including a CIV carrying the M segment of human influenza virus H1N1, have been described (51). Another CIV has been suggested to harbor the nucleoprotein (NP) segment of an avian influenza virus related to H5N1 viruses (46), although that is not a clear reassortant (P. R. Murcia, unpublished results).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%