Habitat assessment by parasitoids: mechanisms for patch use behavior

Tentelier, Cédric; Desouhant, Emmanuel; Fauvergue, Xavier

doi:10.1093/beheco/arj062

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Consistent with assumptions from rate-maximizing models, mated L. testaceipes females are time limited (Tentelier et al 2006;van Steenis 1994), and in agreement with predictions from the MVT, their residence time and the number of aphids they attack on a colony increase with increasing number of aphids . Here, we will show that this is not the case for virgin females foraging in the wild.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…An attack occurs when the female bends her abdomen between her legs and stings an aphid. In laboratory experiments on patch exploitation, 78% of attacks result in the development of a parasitoid (Tentelier et al 2006). Each observation was stopped when one of the following conditions was met: (1) the female had been found and mated by a wild male; (2) 1,800 s had elapsed since the release; or (3) the female had left the colony (i.e., it had departed the focal leaf for more than 60 s), whichever happened Wrst.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virgins in the wild: mating status affects the behavior of a parasitoid foraging in the field

Fauvergue¹,

Genco

Pinto

2008

Oecologia

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In haplodiploid organisms, virgin females can produce offspring, albeit only sons. They may therefore face a trade-off between either: (1) searching for hosts and producing sons immediately; or (2) searching for mates and perhaps producing both sons and daughters later in life. Although this trade-off raises a theoretical interest, it has not been approached experimentally. The objective of this article is thus to document the effect of mating status on the foraging behavior of a haplodiploid parasitoid. For this, we recorded the behavior of virgin and mated female Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) after being released, in the field, on a colony of their aphid hosts. Half of the virgin females were mated by a wild male after less than 10 min of foraging. Evidently, virgin females attract males while foraging on host patches, so that the two activities are not mutually exclusive. Nonetheless, virgin females stayed motionless more often and for longer periods than mated females. Consequently, they attacked aphids at a lower rate, and in turn, attacked fewer aphids on each patch. Moreover, contrary to mated females, virgins did not aggregate their progeny on large patches. We conclude that in L. testaceipes, the trade-off may not be as hypothesized. By dispersing across patches more than mated females, virgins could promote future mating opportunities for their sons and increase their inclusive fitness. However, by moving too frequently, females may lose immediate mating opportunities for themselves and the immediate advantage of producing offspring of both sexes. The observed behavior of virgin L. testaceipes females on host patches could reflect an optimal solution to such a trade-off.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virgins in the wild: mating status affects the behavior of a parasitoid foraging in the field

Fauvergue¹,

Genco

Pinto

2008

Oecologia

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“…Studies show seasonal variation in foraging patterns (e.g., Conner, 1981;Owen-Smith, 1994;van Marken Lichtenbelt, 1993), but do nonhuman animals use recent experience to guide foraging behavior? Studies have found that poor foraging experiences (e.g., low target quantity at a particular location) can lead to longer search durations in the subsequent foraging episode (Tentelier, Desouhant, & Fauvergue, 2006;Visser, van Alphen, & Nell, 1992), consistent with the predictions of a moment-tomoment optimal foraging model. But what would happen if predictable, short-term temporal signals were given to nonhuman animals?…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Winter Is Coming: How Humans Forage in a Temporally Structured Environment

Fougnie¹,

Zhang²,

Cormiea³

et al. 2014

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Much is known about visual search for single targets, but relatively little about how participants ''forage'' for multiple targets. One important question is how long participants will search before moving to a new display. Evidence suggests that participants should leave when intake drops below the average rate (''optimal foraging, '' Charnov, 1976). However, the real world has temporal structure (e.g., seasons) that could influence behavior. Does it matter if winter is coming and the next display will be worse than the last? We gave participants a series of search displays and asked them to collect targets as fast as possible. Target density was structured-rising and falling systematically across trials. We measured the duration for which participants foraged in each display (trials were terminated by participants). Foraging behavior was affected by temporal structure-counter to a simple optimal foraging account, observers searched displays longer when quality was falling compared to rising (Experiments 1 and 2). Additionally, we found that temporal structure altered explicit predictions about display quality (Experiment 2). These results demonstrate that foraging theories need to consider richer models of observers' representations of the world.

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“…More generally, information helps the forager to estimate both local parameters, patch quality (Iwasa et al 1981;Green 1980;Olsson and Brown 2006) and large-scale modiWcations of the habitat conditions (Mangel 1990). For example, only two key pieces of information are needed to estimate the average rate of gain in the habitat: interpatch travel time and the quality of the previous patches (Tentelier et al 2006). This information is gleaned during the forager's experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, remembering what was encountered in previous patches could help them to more accurately estimate both the subsequent patch quality and the average patch quality in the environment. Many parasitoid species have been shown to modify their decision to leave a patch according to their oV-patch experience, such as interpatch travel time and previous patch quality (Visser et al 1992;Wajnberg et al 2006;Outreman et al 2005;van Baaren et al 2005a, b;Tentelier et al 2006;Thiel and HoVmeister 2006;Muratori et al 2008;Thiel 2011). Taking this into consideration, it is expected that parasitoids could use memory to retain quantitative information about the previous visited patch in order to assess the subsequent patch quality relatively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide narcosis modifies the patch leaving decision of foraging parasitoids

Louâpre¹,

Pierre²

2011

Anim Cogn

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Gleaning information is a way for foragers to adjust their behavior in order to maximize their fitness. Information decreases the uncertainty about the environment and could help foragers to accurately estimate environmental characteristics. In a patchy resource, information sampled during previous patch visits is efficient only if it is retained in the memory and retrieved upon arrival in a new patch. In this study, we tested whether the braconid Asobara tabida, a parasitoid of Drosophila larvae, retains information gleaned on patch quality in the memory and adjusts its foraging behavior accordingly. Females were anesthetized with CO(2) after leaving a first patch containing a different number of hosts and were allowed to visit a second patch containing only kairomones. CO(2) is known to erase unconsolidated information from the memory. We show that in the absence of a short CO(2) narcosis, females responded according to their previous experience, whereas anesthetized females did not. The anesthetized females stayed a given time in the second patch irrespective of what they encountered before. CO(2) narcosis had no effect on the residence time of the non-experienced females in a patch containing hosts or only kairomones in comparison with the non-anesthetized females that had a previous foraging experience. We conclude that CO(2) narcosis erases the effect of the previous patch quality, perhaps due to a memory disruption. Direct information processing is likely to be involved in parasitoid decision making through retention of the information on the previous patch quality into a CO(2) sensitive memory.

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Habitat assessment by parasitoids: mechanisms for patch use behavior

Cited by 40 publications

References 46 publications

Virgins in the wild: mating status affects the behavior of a parasitoid foraging in the field

Virgins in the wild: mating status affects the behavior of a parasitoid foraging in the field

Winter Is Coming: How Humans Forage in a Temporally Structured Environment

Carbon dioxide narcosis modifies the patch leaving decision of foraging parasitoids

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