Haemocyte changes in the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, caused by exposure to domoic acid in the diatom pseudonitzschia pungens f. multiseries

Differential in vivo response of soft-shell clam hemocytes against two strains of Vibrio splendidus: Changes in cell structure, numbers and adherence

“…Hemocyte cell counts in bivalves may increase on exposure to stress (Malagoli et al, 2007), toxins (Jones et al, 1995), pollutants (Fournier et al, 2002), pathogenic insults (reviewed by Ford and Tripp (1996) and Bachère et al (2004)), among other factors (reviewed by Oliver and Fisher (1999)). In mammals, the increase of the number of circulating leukocytes, known as leukocytosis, is a consequence of the movement of cells from the bone marrow to the circulatory pool, usually accompanied by increased hematopoiesis (Opdenakker et al, 1998).…”

The Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Aquatic Organisms

“…Toxin levels in the oysters increased during the 48 h of exposure, and the number and activity of hemocytes declined from the 4-h peak values to values significantly lower than those of controls after a 24-h clearance period. The suppression in number and activity of circulating hemocytes following initial toxin response was rectified only after a 48-h clearance period, when DA levels in the oyster tissue had declined to trace levels, allowing blood cells to regain their normal characteristics (Jones et al, 1995b). In blue mussels, DA is found only in the viscera (Wekell et al, 1994b).…”

“…and to DA. Jones et al (1995b) discussed the possibility that because DA causes observed excitoxic effects on mammalian systems, physiological aberrations in shellfish might be expected because they concentrate high levels of toxin. Although there appear to be no obvious adverse effects of DA on sea scallops (Douglas et al, 1997), blue mussels (Mytilus spp.…”

Common European harmful algal blooms affect the viability and innate immune responses of Mytilus edulis larvae

“…In contrast, most other (chemical) stressors tend to reduce the PO activity of marine organisms [5,34,43,44]. Interestingly, acute DA exposure has been shown to increase the number of haemocytes in adult bivalves [19,36] while OA does not [47]. This differential response in the number of haemocytes should translate into a similar PO response which could indicate that the embryonic cells are responding to the same external stimuli as adult haemocytes.…”