Hair cortisol level as a retrospective marker of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity in horse foals

Comin, A.; Veronesi, M.C.; Montillo, Marta; Faustini, M.; Valentini, Silvia; Cairoli, F.; Prandi, Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.04.006

Cited by 46 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The cortisol concentrations found in the present study differed from the values reported on plasma of full-term foals at birth and at 2 hours of life (Silver et al, 1991) and, in another foal study, at birth (Comin et al, 2012). These differences may be related to the methodology or the different measurement techniques used.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Early and late analysis of postpartum stress in newborn foals

Cruz

Alfonso

Lourenço

et al. 2017

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate newborn foals stress in the first 48 hours of life. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and serum cortisol concentrations, blood glucose, and lactate were determined in foals (n = 20, Paint Horse). Cortisol concentrations decreased significantly between four and 48 hours, with the highest concentration at 4 hours after birth. Positive correlations between cortisol and lactate occurred between 12 and 16 hours. And there was a negative correlation between cortisol and lactate 4 hours after birth. Among the values obtained for HR, there was significantly difference between the the value obtained at twelve hours of life moment and all the other moments measured, the highest values were at birth, 24 and 48 hours of life. Among HRV indexes, there were no statistical differences between the variables analysed. The cortisol, HR and HRV alterations were consistent to neonatal stress, but might be related to extrauterine environment adaptation associated to sympathoadrenal response, since those foals were healthy.Keywords: equine neonate, cortisol, heart rate, heart rate variability nascimento, quatro, oito, 16, 20, 24, 36 RESUMO

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Early and late analysis of postpartum stress in newborn foals

Cruz

Alfonso

Lourenço

et al. 2017

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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“…The cortisol concentrations found in the present study were higher than the values reported for the plasma of full--term foals at birth and 30 minutes (Silver et al 1991, Panzani et al 2009), and in another study realized in foals fur, at birth (Comin et al 2012). It is well known that, during the first few hours after parturition, newborns have high cortisol levels in response to the stress of labor, birth, and adaptation to extrauterine life (Elverson & Wilson 2005).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…These results differed from values reported in foals also born from natural delivery (Panzani et al 2009) but were similar to those reported for newborn foals at the same periods of evaluation (Comin et al 2012). The variation observed between the analyzed time points corresponds to the period of adaptation to extra--uterine life, where spontaneous breathing and adjustment of the cardiocirculatory and respiratory systems, among other functions previously performed by the placenta, are established.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Evaluation of neonatal vitality and blood glucose, lactate and cortisol concentrations in foals of the Paint Horse breed

et al. 2017

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RESUMO.-[Avaliação dos padrões de vitalidade neonatal, glicemia, lactato e cortisol em potros da raça PaintHorse.] A avaliação clínica dos recém-nascidos, bem como a definição da conduta terapêutica adotada representam expressivos desafios ao Médico Veterinário. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a vitalidade neonatal pelo escore de Apgar modificado, glicemia, lactatemia e cortisol em neonatos equinos. Para tal, foram utilizados 20 potros da raça Paint Horse, nascidos em eutocia, durante as primeiras 48 horas de vida. O escore de Apgar modificado foi realizado ao nascimento e 10 minutos após, atribuindo-se notas de 0 a 10. As colheitas das amostras de sangue, para a realização das análises laboratoriais, ocorreram nos momentos ao nascimento, 4, 8, 12, 20 16, 20, 24, 36 Clinical evaluations of newborns, as well as defining the therapeutic decision, represent significant challenges to the veterinarian. This study aimed to evaluate neonatal vitality using the modified Apgar score and blood glucose, lactate, and cortisol concentrations in newborn equines. Twenty foals of the Paint Horse breed born by normal delivery were evaluated during the first 48 hours of life. The modified Apgar score was determined at birth and 10 minutes later, with values ranging from 0 to 10. Blood samples for the laboratory tests were collected at birth and at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, and 48 hours. The mean Apgar score was significantly lower at birth than at 10 minutes (p < 0.001). Blood glucose concentrations increased significantly between birth (98.90 ± 35.97 mg/dL) and 8 hours (127.90 ± 27.15 mg/dL), stabilizing after the first 12 hours (148.95 ± 29.59 mg/dL). Serum lactate concentrations showed a significant decrease across the time points tested, with the highest value occurring at birth (5.48 ± 2.17 mmol/L) and stabilizing after 24 hours (2.76 ± 1.31 mmol/L). Cortisol concentrations significantly decreased (p < 0.01) between 4 (10.46 ± 7.46 µg/dL) and 48 hours (5.21 ± 3.35 µg/dL), with the highest value occurring 4 hours after birth. The common occurrence of laboratory abnormalities in healthy newborn foals reinforces the need to conduct regular clinical examinations and to develop laboratory reference values for different breeds and ages.INDEX TERMS: Neonate equine, apgar score, lactatemia, glycemia, neonatal stress.

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“…It could be that foals perceive risks (including humans) as less of a threat when increasing in size over the summer. Alternatively, changes in behaviour could reflect shifts in physiology, such as a steady decline in plasma cortisol concentrations in early life (Panzani et al 2009;Comin et al 2012). Similarly, spatial variation in FID could be due to important west-east gradients in horse habitat quality (Contasti et al 2012), social environment (Manning et al 2015), and genetic diversity (Lucas et al 2009) that are known to occur along the length of the island, rather than (or in addition to) human presence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Island tameness and the repeatability of flight initiation distance in a large herbivore

et al. 2017

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Antipredator behaviours can be lost relatively quickly in populations that are relieved of predation, as is known for several species inhabiting islands. Flight initiation distance (FID) is often studied in the context of island tameness; however, little is known about the factors that influence and maintain FID variation in predation-free populations. Here, we studied FID in foals of an isolated predator-free population of feral horses (Equus caballus L., 1758) on Sable Island, Canada, to determine if FID could be used for research on consistent individual differences in risk aversion and island tameness. In addition to testing for temporal, spatial, and sex effects on FID, we compared repeatability estimates at two temporal scales (within and among days). Similar FID for measurements obtained on the same day and for males and females indicated an absence of short-term desensitization and sex effects. In contrast, FID decreased for measurements made on subsequent days and from east to west, which could reflect habituation to human presence and (or) other temporal and spatial processes. Repeatability was high (0.42 ± 0.06), but tended to decrease with increasing time intervals. This study highlights the potential of FID for individual-based research on the ecology and evolutionary dynamics of risk aversion in predation-free populations.Key words: boldness, Equus caballus, fear, horse, personality, risk aversion, temperament.Résumé : Les comportements anti-prédateurs peuvent disparaître assez rapidement dans les populations ne faisant plus l'objet de prédation, comme cela est le cas pour plusieurs espèces habitant des îles. La distance de fuite (DF) est souvent étudiée dans le contexte de la docilité insulaire; cependant, les connaissances sur les facteurs qui influencent et maintiennent les variations de la DF dans les populations sans prédateurs sont toutefois limitées. Nous avons étudié la DF chez des poulains d'une population de chevaux feraux (Equus caballus L., 1758) isolée et sans prédateurs à l'île de Sable (Canada) pour déterminer si la DF peut être utilisée pour étudier les différences individuelles sur le plan de l'aversion au risque et de la docilité insulaire. En plus de vérifier la présence d'effets temporels, spatiaux et du sexe sur la DF, nous avons comparé des estimations de la répétabilité à deux échelles temporelles (durant une même journée et sur plusieurs jours). Des DF semblables pour des mesures obtenues le même jour et pour les mâles et les femelles indiquent l'absence de désensibilisation à court terme et d'effets du sexe. Par contre, la DF diminuait pour des mesures prises sur plusieurs jours et de l'est vers l'ouest, ce qui pourrait refléter une habituation à la présence d'humains ou d'autres processus temporels ou spatiaux. La répétabilité était élevée (0,42 ± 0,06), mais tendait à diminuer pour des intervalles de temps plus grands. L'étude fait ressortir le potentiel que présente la DF pour l'étude reposant sur les individus de l'écologie et la dynamique de l'évolution de l'...

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Hair cortisol level as a retrospective marker of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity in horse foals

Cited by 46 publications

References 8 publications

Early and late analysis of postpartum stress in newborn foals

Early and late analysis of postpartum stress in newborn foals

Evaluation of neonatal vitality and blood glucose, lactate and cortisol concentrations in foals of the Paint Horse breed

Island tameness and the repeatability of flight initiation distance in a large herbivore

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