Halide Glasses

Clare, Alexis G.; Wachtel, Peter; Musgraves, J. David

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93728-1_17

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…To precipitate high fraction of BaCl 2 : Eu nano‐crystalline scintillators in AlF 3 ‐based glass scaffold, the material design strategy is set to construct an ionic‐covalent hybrid network structure ( Scheme ) with: i) diverse mixed ionic polyhedra blended few covalent network‐forming polyhedra as the network skeleton; ii) homogenously nanoscale clustering of Ba 2+ and Cl − as the structural foundation of nano‐crystallization. According to the confusion rule of halide glass, [ 20 ] mixed ions with different ionic radii and charges, such as alkaline earth cation Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , can improve the disorder of network structure and glass‐forming ability. Accordingly, the introduction of a few covalent network‐forming polyhedra, e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bright Transparent Scintillators with High Fraction BaCl₂: Eu²⁺ Nanocrystals Precipitation: An Ionic‐Covalent Hybrid Network Strategy toward Superior X‐Ray Imaging Glass‐Ceramics

Liu,

Ran,

Chen

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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Metal halide crystals are bright but hygroscopic scintillator materials that are widely used in X‐ray imaging and detectors. Precipitating them in situ in glass to form glass ceramics (GCs) scintillator offers an efficient avenue for large‐scale preparation, high spatial resolution, and excellent stability. However, precipitating a high fraction of metal halide nanocrystals in glass to maintain high light yield remains a challenge. Herein, an ionic‐covalent hybrid network strategy for constructing GCs scintillator with high crystallinity (up to ≈37%) of BaCl2: Eu2+ nanocrystals is presented. Experimental data and simulations of glass structure reveal that the Ba2+‐Cl− clustering promotes the high crystallization of BaCl2 nanocrystals. The ultralow phonon energy (≈200 cm−1) of BaCl2 nanocrystals and good Eu reduction effect enable high photoluminescence inter quantum efficiency (≈80.41%) in GC. GCs with varied crystallinity of BaCl2: Eu2+ nanocrystals demonstrate efficient radioluminescence and tunable scintillator performance. They either outperform Bi4Ge3O14 single crystal by over 132% steady‐state light yield or provide impressive X‐ray imaging resolutions of 20 lp mm−1. These findings provide a new design strategy for developing bright transparent GCs scintillators with a high fraction of metal halide nanocrystals for X‐ray high‐resolution imaging applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bright Transparent Scintillators with High Fraction BaCl₂: Eu²⁺ Nanocrystals Precipitation: An Ionic‐Covalent Hybrid Network Strategy toward Superior X‐Ray Imaging Glass‐Ceramics

Liu,

Ran,

Chen

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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“…Typical material performances for commercial glass elements in fire, in this regard, are expected to be affected by relevant modifications due to a relatively low glass-liquid transition temperature, which is around T g ≈ 550°C (490°C–585°C) and depends on the amount of silica, sodium oxide and calcium oxide (Sehgal and Ito, 1998). Also, soda-lime glass has softening point T d ≈ 650–700°C, and thus slumps over its own weight at a minimum rate of 1 mm/min (Musgraves et al ., 2019). This means that fire-related issues involve additional and progressive softening phenomena, which are superimposed to mechanical loads.…”

Section: State Of Art and Research Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-mechanical numerical analyses in support of fire endurance assessment of ordinary soda-lime structural glass elements

Bedon

Louter

2023

JSFE

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PurposeGlass material is largely used for load-bearing components in buildings. For this reason, standardized calculation methods can be used in support of safe structural design in common loading and boundary conditions. Differing from earlier literature efforts, the present study elaborates on the load-bearing capacity, failure time and fire endurance of ordinary glass elements under fire exposure and sustained mechanical loads, with evidence of major trends in terms of loading condition and cross-sectional layout. Traditional verification approaches for glass in cold conditions (i.e. stress peak check) and fire endurance of load-bearing members (i.e. deflection and deflection rate limits) are assessed based on parametric numerical simulations.Design/methodology/approachThe mechanical performance of structural glass elements in fire still represents an open challenge for design and vulnerability assessment. Often, special fire-resisting glass solutions are used for limited practical applications only, and ordinary soda-lime silica glass prevails in design applications for load-bearing members. Moreover, conventional recommendations and testing protocols in use for load-bearing members composed of traditional constructional materials are not already addressed for glass members. This paper elaborates on the fire endurance and failure detection methods for structural glass beams that are subjected to standard ISO time–temperature for fire exposure and in-plane bending mechanical loads. Fire endurance assessment methods are discussed with the support of Finite Element (FE) numerical analyses.FindingsBased on extended parametric FE analyses, multiple loading, geometrical and thermo-mechanical configurations are taken into account for the analysis of simple glass elements under in-plane bending setup and fire exposure. The comparative results show that – in most of cases – thermal effects due to fire exposure have major effects on the actual load-bearing capacity of these members. Moreover, the conventional stress peak verification approach needs specific elaborations, compared to traditional calculations carried out in cold conditions.Originality/valueThe presented numerical results confirm that the fire endurance analysis of ordinary structural glass elements is a rather complex issue, due to combination of multiple aspects and influencing parameters. Besides, FE simulations can provide useful support for a local and global analysis of major degradation and damage phenomena, and thus support the definition of simple and realistic verification procedures for fire exposed glass members.

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“…As both processes are highly complex, this review will not engage in a detailed discussion on these topics; instead, it will provide some theoretical basics and directions for further exploration. The reader is encouraged to search the many textbook references related to nucleation and crystallization in glasses [118–120].…”

Section: Fabrication Of Transparent Ceramics By Crystallization From ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the formed nuclei reach the critical size ( r *), the glass system enters the crystal growth phase, which involves material transport to the nucleus surface, allowing the nuclei to grow further. At this point, the kinetics of the growth process is controlled by the rate of atom diffusion and interface reactions between the nuclei and the glass matrix surrounding the nuclei, whereas the characteristics of the final product are defined by the shape and size of the crystalline phase and its microstructure [120].…”

Section: Fabrication Of Transparent Ceramics By Crystallization From ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization of glass materials into transparent optical ceramics

Milisavljevic

Pitcher

et al. 2022

International Materials Reviews

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Latest advancements in transparent ceramics development have ensured a mainstream research interest in this family of materials. Crystallization of glass into transparent ceramics has emerged recently as an alternative but complementary trajectory for obtaining transparent ceramics, which circumvents some of the long-standing technical difficulties associated with traditional transparent ceramics processing. The full bulk glass crystallization allows for the synthesis of high-density/low-porosity transparent ceramics of stable and metastable phases or even non-cubic structures, which are difficult to obtain using the traditional processing methods. This article presents a brief survey of the science of the transparency of ceramics and a detailed overview of the materials systems and techniques used for the preparation of transparent ceramics through the glass crystallization route. Finally, the review provides authors' insights into the future trends and research directions aimed to encourage a widespread application of glass crystallization into transparent ceramics in the fabrication of next-generation materials.

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Halide Glasses

Cited by 11 publications

References 108 publications

Bright Transparent Scintillators with High Fraction BaCl₂: Eu²⁺ Nanocrystals Precipitation: An Ionic‐Covalent Hybrid Network Strategy toward Superior X‐Ray Imaging Glass‐Ceramics

Bright Transparent Scintillators with High Fraction BaCl₂: Eu²⁺ Nanocrystals Precipitation: An Ionic‐Covalent Hybrid Network Strategy toward Superior X‐Ray Imaging Glass‐Ceramics

Thermo-mechanical numerical analyses in support of fire endurance assessment of ordinary soda-lime structural glass elements

Crystallization of glass materials into transparent optical ceramics

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Halide Glasses

Cited by 11 publications

References 108 publications

Bright Transparent Scintillators with High Fraction BaCl2: Eu2+ Nanocrystals Precipitation: An Ionic‐Covalent Hybrid Network Strategy toward Superior X‐Ray Imaging Glass‐Ceramics

Bright Transparent Scintillators with High Fraction BaCl2: Eu2+ Nanocrystals Precipitation: An Ionic‐Covalent Hybrid Network Strategy toward Superior X‐Ray Imaging Glass‐Ceramics

Thermo-mechanical numerical analyses in support of fire endurance assessment of ordinary soda-lime structural glass elements

Crystallization of glass materials into transparent optical ceramics

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Product

Resources

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Bright Transparent Scintillators with High Fraction BaCl₂: Eu²⁺ Nanocrystals Precipitation: An Ionic‐Covalent Hybrid Network Strategy toward Superior X‐Ray Imaging Glass‐Ceramics

Bright Transparent Scintillators with High Fraction BaCl₂: Eu²⁺ Nanocrystals Precipitation: An Ionic‐Covalent Hybrid Network Strategy toward Superior X‐Ray Imaging Glass‐Ceramics