Hamstring Muscle Extensibility Influences the Criterion-Related Validity of Sit-and-Reach and Toe-Touch Tests

López-Miñarro, Pedro Ángel; Rodríguez-García, Pedro Luis

doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181c7c60d

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This is an overall conclusion drawn from several studies that reported low to moderately high correlations between SR score and hip flexion performed during a straight leg raise (SLR) test (4,7,8,9,11,13,15,19,21). Lower correlations have been observed in groups with low hamstring muscle extensibility compared with those having normal to high extensibility (14), indicating that other factors have a greater influence on the SR scores, especially when hamstring extensibility is low. One factor is the curvature of the spine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Sex Differences in Pelvic and Hip Flexibility in Men and Women Matched for Sit-and-Reach Score

Mier

Shapiro

2013

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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The purpose of this study was to test sex differences in sagittal plane thoracic (T), lumbar (L), and pelvic (P) angles measured during the sit-and-reach (SR) test and hip joint angle during a passive straight leg raise (SLR) test in men and women matched for SR scores. Thirty-five men and 35 women performed a standard SR and SLR test. Among the 70 subjects, 25 male and female pairs were identified using <5% difference in the SR score as the pairing criterion. Both SR and SLR tests were videotaped and subsequently analyzed using a computer software angle tool to measure T, L, and P angles during the SR test and hip joint angle during the SLR test. In paired men (M) and women (W), P angle (M: 96.6 ± 9.4° vs. W: 104.7 ± 12.4°) and hip joint angle (M: 87.1 ± 10.5° vs. W: 100.4 ± 12.1°) were lower and L angle (M: 26.3 ± 10.8° vs. W: 21.1 ± 7.6°) was greater in men. There was no difference in the T angle (53.3 ± 11.6° vs. 51.2 ± 11.4°) between men and women. Correlation coefficient indicated that the SR score was moderately associated with the P angle in both men (r = 0.82) and women (r = 0.83), whereas the traditional criterion measure for hip flexibility, SLR hip joint angle, demonstrated a relatively low correlation to SR scores in both men (r = 0.60) and women (r = 0.56). These data indicate that the SR score does not distinguish spine and pelvic flexibility differences in men and women and does not adequately assess hip flexibility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Sex Differences in Pelvic and Hip Flexibility in Men and Women Matched for Sit-and-Reach Score

Mier

Shapiro

2013

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…Great efforts have consistently been undertaken by researchers to determine which test is the most valid and feasible for measuring hamstring muscle extensibility among different groups of athletes, children and adolescents (Muyor et al, 2014b), university students (López-Miñarro and Rodríguez-García, 2010) or the general population (Hui and Yuen, 2000; Muyor et al, 2014a), and to determine the differences and correlations among the different hamstring muscle extensibility tests (Radwan et al, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muyor et al (2014a) found that a pelvic tilt and lumbar flexion showed a greater variance explained by the score achieved on the SR and TT tests (R2 > 0.75) than hamstring muscle extensibility (R2 < 0.65). López-Miñarro and Rodríguez-García (2010) reported that the hamstring criterion-related validity of the SR and TT tests was influenced by hamstring muscle extensibility. Kawano et al (2010) showed that the position of the ankle influenced the distance reached on the SR test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the PSLR (Hui and Yuen, 2000; López-Miñarro and Rodríguez-García, 2010; Muyor et al, 2014b; Rolls and George, 2004) and active straight leg raise (ASLR) (Sporis et al, 2011) tests are considered the gold standards for measuring hamstring muscle extensibility as they only involve hip joint motion, compared with the SR and TT tests, which involve whole-body motion. However, for the PSLR and ASLR tests, it is very difficult to avoid movements of the pelvis, particularly when these tests are performed by participants with low hamstring extensibility (Congdon et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Acute Fatigue of the Hip Flexor Muscles on Hamstring Muscle Extensibility

Muyor

Arrabal-Campos

2016

Journal of Human Kinetics

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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of acute fatigue of the hip flexor muscles on scores attained in tests frequently used in literature to measure hamstring muscle extensibility, namely the passive straight leg raise (PSLR), active straight leg raise (ASLR), passive knee extension (PKE), active knee extension (AKE), sit-and-reach (SR) and toe-touch (TT) tests. A total of seventy-five healthy and recreationally active adults voluntarily participated in this study. To reach fatigue, the participants actively lifted their legs alternately as many times as possible. In the passive tests, the results were 7.10 ± 5.21° and 5.68 ± 4.54° higher (p < 0.01) for PSLR and PKE tests, respectively, after acute fatigue. However, in the ASLR test, the results were lower post-fatigue than pre-fatigue (mean difference = -5.30° ± 9.51°; p < 0.01). The AKE, SR and TT tests did not show significant differences between pre- and post-fatigue (p > 0.05). Moderate (r = 0.40) to high (r = 0.97) correlation coefficients were found, which were statistically significant among all the measured flexibility tests both pre- and post-fatigue. In conclusion, the active implication of the hip flexor muscles until reaching fatigue had acute influences on the results of the PSLR, PKE and ASLR tests, but not on the results of the AKE, SR and TT tests. It is recommended to use the AKE test to assess hamstring muscle extensibility in situations where athletes show fatigue in their hip flexor muscles.

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“…44 This test has shown excellent intratester reliability, 46 and a moderate to high criterion-related validity, ranging from 0.46 to 0.89. 47 The SEM has been observed around 3 cm. 44 The LFB evaluates spinal mobility in flexion and it is an indicator of functional limitation.…”

Section: Outcome Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Immediate Effects of Combining Local Techniques in the Craniomandibular Area and Hamstring Muscle Stretching in Subjects with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Study

Rodríguez-Blanco

Cocera-Morata²,

Heredia-Rizo

et al. 2015

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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Hamstring Muscle Extensibility Influences the Criterion-Related Validity of Sit-and-Reach and Toe-Touch Tests

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

Sex Differences in Pelvic and Hip Flexibility in Men and Women Matched for Sit-and-Reach Score

Sex Differences in Pelvic and Hip Flexibility in Men and Women Matched for Sit-and-Reach Score

Effects of Acute Fatigue of the Hip Flexor Muscles on Hamstring Muscle Extensibility

Immediate Effects of Combining Local Techniques in the Craniomandibular Area and Hamstring Muscle Stretching in Subjects with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Study

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