“…The most recent generations of haptic devices transmit feeling through direct contact with the virtual object (e.g., SensAble Phantom Desktop, Immersion Corp.'s CyberForce, Novint Falacon, and Nintendo's Wii). Stemming from the development of these devices, applications have been researched and developed especially for people who are blind, including identification of texture and shape recognition (Semwal and Evans-Kamp, 2000;Sjotrom and Rassmus-Grohn, 1999), mathematical learning environments (Karshmer and Bledsoe, 2002;Van Scoy et al, 2000;Van Scoy et al, 2005;Yu et al, 2001), and acquisition of spatial information (Evett et al, 2009;Lahav and Mioduser, 2004;Sánchez and Sáenz, 2010). Researchers have shown that by exploring VEs that represent RSs, people who are blind can construct a useful cognitive map about previously inexperienced spaces.…”