2016
DOI: 10.1177/002795011623800110
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Hard or Soft? The Politics of Brexit

Abstract: The British people voted for Brexit for a variety of reasons. A literature is emerging that seeks to explain the outcome using the increasing amount of aggregate and individual data being generated. Less often considered is the impact those factors that shaped the referendum outcome might continue to exert on the debate about the UK's future relationship with the EU. We argue that they will continue to weigh on political debates. The continued resonance of the Leave message militates against anything but what … Show more

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Cited by 23 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…While not statistically significant, an additional clear difference was noticed between the two groups, with a higher percentage of Spanish participants considering a substantial increase in trade barriers and in bureaucracy, due to new rules and regulations to export to the United Kingdom (Table ). This concern is in line with recent literature, which highlights the potential of newly erected tariff barriers between the United Kingdom and EU (Sampson, ), especially in the case of a “hard Brexit” (Menon and Fowler, ).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 87%
“…While not statistically significant, an additional clear difference was noticed between the two groups, with a higher percentage of Spanish participants considering a substantial increase in trade barriers and in bureaucracy, due to new rules and regulations to export to the United Kingdom (Table ). This concern is in line with recent literature, which highlights the potential of newly erected tariff barriers between the United Kingdom and EU (Sampson, ), especially in the case of a “hard Brexit” (Menon and Fowler, ).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 87%
“…Given the national and global contexts in which UK universities operate, and the concerns over a hard Brexit (Fowler & Menon, 2016), this study has five main policy implications. First, although the study shows that 8.2% of the students surveyed are international students from EU and non-EU countries, the future of many UK institutions depend to a large degree on the extent to which they are able to recruit and retain international students after Brexit.…”
Section: Research Outcomes and Policy Implicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Between these two extreme options is a grey Brexit, which would allow the UK to maintain some level of relationship with the EU in various areas of trade, as governed by EU regulations. This would mean that the UK would have partial or no access, save for a form of cooperation with the EU-27 [30]. In a soft Brexit scenario where the UK retains preferential access to the IEM, it is unlikely that Brexit would significantly impact UK energy policies and security, as the current situation would continue.…”
Section: The Iem Brexit Options and Implications Of Post-brexit Uk-mentioning
confidence: 99%