Harpinpsta from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci Is Defective and Deficient in Its Expression and HR-inducing Activity

Taguchi, Fumiko; Tanaka, Rui; Kinoshita, Sayuri; Ichinose, Yuki; Imura, Yoshiyuki; Salamah, Andi; Toyoda, Kazuhiro; Shiraishi, Takeshi; Yamada, Tetsuji

doi:10.1007/pl00012997

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Variation in P. syringae translocator repertoires can also extend to the single-domain harpin class, as indicated by the failure of P. syringae pv. tabaci to produce functional HrpZ (65). In summary, effector translocation by Hrp2 T3SSs is strongly dependent on HopF/NopX translocators, whereas effector translocation by P. syringae pv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Identification of Harpins in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, Which Are Functionally Similar to HrpK1 in Promoting Translocation of Type III Secretion System Effectors

et al. 2007

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Harpins are a subset of type III secretion system (T3SS) substrates found in all phytopathogenic bacteria that utilize a T3SS. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was previously reported to produce two harpins, HrpZ1 and HrpW1. DC3000 was shown here to deploy two additional proteins, HopAK1 and HopP1, which have the harpin-like properties of lacking cysteine, eliciting the hypersensitive response (HR) when partially purified and infiltrated into tobacco leaves, and possessing a two-domain structure similar to that of the HrpW1 class of harpins. Unlike the single-domain harpin HrpZ1, the two-domain harpins have C-terminal enzyme-like domains: pectate lyase for HopAK1 and lytic transglycosylase for HopP1. Genetic techniques to recycle antibiotic markers were applied to DC3000 to generate a quadruple harpin gene polymutant. The polymutant was moderately reduced in the elicitation of the HR and translocation of the T3SS effector AvrPto1 fused to a Cya translocation reporter, but the mutant was unaffected in the secretion of AvrPto1-Cya. The DC3000 hrpK1 gene encodes a putative translocator in the HrpF/NopX family and was deleted in combination with the four harpin genes. The hrpK1 quadruple harpin gene polymutant was strongly reduced in HR elicitation, virulence, and translocation of AvrPto1-Cya into plant cells but not in the secretion of representative T3SS substrates in culture. HrpK1, HrpZ1, HrpW1, and HopAK1, but not HopP1, were independently capable of restoring some HR elicitation to the hrpK1 quadruple harpin gene polymutant, which suggests that a consortium of semiredundant translocators from three protein classes cooperate to form the P. syringae T3SS translocon.The type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important virulence determinant in gram-negative bacterial pathogens of animals and plants (17). In Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, the T3SS, which is encoded by the hrp-hrc (hypersensitive response [HR] and pathogenicity-hr conserved) gene cluster, is required for elicitation of the defense-associated HR in nonhost plants like tobacco and for pathogenicity in host plants like tomato. Both HR elicitation and pathogenicity require the translocation into plant cells of effectors, which are also known as Avr (avirulence) proteins or Hops (Hrp outer proteins) (44).The T3SS of pathogens must cross three biological membranes, the inner and outer bacterial membranes and the host plasma membrane. Breaching the host plasma membrane is expected to involve a T3SS pore-forming translocon complex (17). In addition, the T3SS of phytopathogens such as P. syringae, Erwinia amylovora, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pantoea spp., and Xanthomonas spp. must cross the plant cell wall, which can be several hundred nanometers in width and is constructed primarily of a meshwork of polysaccharides, with pectic polymers being particularly important in controlling pore size and integrity (59,66). Because of this additional barrier, the Hrp pilus of phytopathogens is much longer than the T3SS extracellular appendages of animal p...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For instance, tobacco responds with strong defenses to purified harpins, and P. syringae pv. tabaci, a compatible tobacco pathogen, may have diminished this defense through loss of a functional hrpZ gene (65). Similarly, the single-domain harpin and proposed translocator, XopA, of X. campestris pv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Harpins in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, Which Are Functionally Similar to HrpK1 in Promoting Translocation of Type III Secretion System Effectors

et al. 2007

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“…Preparation of harpin Psg , an elicitor protein of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea, followed the method of Taguchi et al (2001). Yeast extract (Difco, Detroit, MI, USA) dissolved in water and filtered through a 0.45 !m pore filter (Kurabo, Osaka, Japan) was used as a general elicitor.…”

Section: Plant Cells and Elicitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elicitin-responsive lectin-like receptor kinase genes in BY-2 cells

et al. 2007

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“…A series of genes essential for the hypersensitive response and pathogenesis in plants are widely conserved in the gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria (Taguchi et al 2001), hence the name hrp (Lehtima¨ki et al 2003). Mutations in the hrp genes deprive pathogens of the ability to elicit PR in non-host plants (incompatible hosts) and to cause disease in host plants (compatible or susceptible hosts) (Frederick et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hrpN gene of Erwinia amylovora stimulates tobacco growth and enhances resistance to Botrytis cinerea

Jang

Sohn²,

Wang

2005

Planta

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Erwinia amylovora is a member of the harpin proteins that induces pathogen resistance and hypersensitive cell death in plants. To obtain tobacco plants displaying a hypersensitive response, the hrpN gene from Erwinia amylovora was cloned into vector pMJC-GB under the control of the rice cytochrome promoter and transfected into tobacco. Southern hybridization with a hrpN probe revealed that the gene was present in one copy in the transgenic plants. In addition, hrpN transcripts could be detected in transgenic plants but not in wild-type tobacco. The wild type gave 75 products in RAPD analysis with 12 primers while the transgenic plants gave 73, suggesting that hrpN gene had been integrated into the transgenic plant genomic DNA. The distribution of cell cycle phases in the wild type and transgenic plants was G0-G1: 71.25%, G2-M: 20.41%, S: 8.33%, while in transgenic plant was G0-G1: 54.95%, G2-M: 43.82%, S: 10.23%. The sizes of stomata and guard cells on transgenic leaves were similar to those of the wild type, but the epidermal cells were clearly smaller. The transgenic plants showed accelerated growth and development as well as enhanced resistance to Botrytis cinerea.

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Harpinpsta from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci Is Defective and Deficient in Its Expression and HR-inducing Activity

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

Identification of Harpins in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, Which Are Functionally Similar to HrpK1 in Promoting Translocation of Type III Secretion System Effectors

Identification of Harpins in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, Which Are Functionally Similar to HrpK1 in Promoting Translocation of Type III Secretion System Effectors

Elicitin-responsive lectin-like receptor kinase genes in BY-2 cells

The hrpN gene of Erwinia amylovora stimulates tobacco growth and enhances resistance to Botrytis cinerea

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