2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.103
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Harvesting of intact microalgae in single and sequential conditioning steps by chemical and biological based – flocculants: Effect on harvesting efficiency, water recovery and algal cell morphology

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Cited by 37 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…Induction of flocculation can be performed with a variety of chemical methods (Figure 2C), based on synthetic polymers such as polyacrylamides, [ 30 ] salts (especially alum, ferric chloride, various sulfates, and sodium hydroxide), [ 31–33 ] or biologically derived materials (e.g., eggshells, chitosan, and plant‐derived compounds). [ 31,34 ] These approaches depend on a number of mechanisms to induce flocculation, including charge neutralization, electrostatic patch generation, bridging, and sweeping. [ 35 ]…”
Section: Harvesting Microalgaementioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Induction of flocculation can be performed with a variety of chemical methods (Figure 2C), based on synthetic polymers such as polyacrylamides, [ 30 ] salts (especially alum, ferric chloride, various sulfates, and sodium hydroxide), [ 31–33 ] or biologically derived materials (e.g., eggshells, chitosan, and plant‐derived compounds). [ 31,34 ] These approaches depend on a number of mechanisms to induce flocculation, including charge neutralization, electrostatic patch generation, bridging, and sweeping. [ 35 ]…”
Section: Harvesting Microalgaementioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 31 ] Yet, biologically derived materials might be favorable for improved sustainability, lower toxicity, and the ability to keep cells intact, however, they have variable harvesting efficiencies. [ 31,34,38 ] While biologically derived flocculants may show a higher price per weight, occasionally the lower doses required make these preferable over salt flocculants for some species of microalgae. [ 31 ] Despite multiple benefits of chemical flocculation methods, the expense of flocculating chemicals and contamination of biomass are limiting factors to their widespread adoption.…”
Section: Harvesting Microalgaementioning
confidence: 99%
“…High-energy or chemically facilitated separation techniques may also negatively affect the microalgal cell structure. 5,6 Enhanced sedimentation through autoflocculation or low-energy filtration through forward osmosis (FO) may offer more economical and sustainable methods for microalgal harvest. 7 Enhanced Settling.…”
Section: ■ Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Filtration, flotation, and centrifugation can achieve rapid separation with high biomass recovery rates, but each have high energy requirements. High-energy or chemically facilitated separation techniques may also negatively affect the microalgal cell structure. , Enhanced sedimentation through autoflocculation or low-energy filtration through forward osmosis (FO) may offer more economical and sustainable methods for microalgal harvest …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During the harvesting process of algae, temperature plays a crucial role because the harvesting efficiency of flocculants depends on specific temperature ranges (Kothari et al 2017a, b). Furthermore, Shurair et al (2019) said that bio-flocculant conserved algal structure and chemical flocculant stressed and deformed algal cells. Moreover, temperature directly alters photosynthesis and respiration rates but this direct effect can be outweighed by other factors.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%