Hashimoto’s thyroiditis following SARS-CoV-2 infection

Knack, Rafael; Hanada, Taliê Z. B.; Knack, Renata Silvestre; Mayr, Kamilla

doi:10.1136/bcr-2021-244909

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Subsequently, many cases of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported. 110 , 117 , 125 , 126 Besides, the duration taken from the initial respiratory-illness to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis outset was shown to be very similar in other cases of autoimmune complications which were shown to be consistent with the span of “cytokine storm”. 127–131 Thus, the hyperinflammatory condition is often sparked by the COVID-19 disease that possibly predisposes these infected cases to get autoimmune-related issues ( Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Induces Subacute Thyroiditis In Post-covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“… 252 IU/mL N.A. 115 IU/mL 20 days Levothyroxine sodium (Levoid) 25 µg August, 2021 Knack et al 125 5. 36 F Fatigue Neck pain Constipation No 0.012 mIU/mL 5.26 ng/L 11.54 pg/mL 267.6 IU/mL 2.71 IU/L 276 IU/mL 10 days Levothyroxine 25 mcg once/day June, 2021 Varol et al 126 Normal range 0.3–5 mIU/mL 9–19 pmol/L 2.63–5.7 pm/L <116 IU/mL <1.75 IU/L <100 IU/mL Notes : N.A., not available; #, values are given as such from the publications.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Induces Subacute Thyroiditis In Post-covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2: Emerging Role in the Pathogenesis of Various Thyroid Diseases

Murugan¹,

Alzahrani²

2021

JIR

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Induces Subacute Thyroiditis In Post-covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Sars-cov-2 Induces Subacute Thyroiditis In Post-covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2: Emerging Role in the Pathogenesis of Various Thyroid Diseases

Murugan¹,

Alzahrani²

2021

JIR

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“…There are reported cases of COVID-19-mediated alteration of the thyroid profile through the activation of inflammatory response triggered by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2-mediated viral tropism in the thyroid gland [ 19 ]. This process triggers both a process of viral-mediated organ damage and molecular mimicry with subsequent autoimmune response [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquired Hemophilia A After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report

et al. 2022

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Acquired hemophilia A is a rare autoimmune coagulation disorder associated to the development of neutralizing antibodies directed towards coagulation factor VIII, known as factor VIII inhibitors, in subjects with previous normal clotting system homeostasis and personal and family history negative for bleeding episodes. This condition, although variable in severity and clinical presentation, may lead to severe and life-threatening hemorrhages which can be either spontaneous or associated with traumatic events and invasive procedures. Here we report the case of a 53-year-old woman who was admitted to our Internal Medicine Unit “Cesare Frugoni”, Policlinico di Bari, in July 2021, and diagnosed with acquired hemophilia A. We aim to raise awareness about this rare condition, its clinical presentation and therapeutic management options in order to obtain a quick diagnosis and an effective therapeutic intervention.

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“…Case reports and autopsy studies show further associations of AITD with viral infections: rubella virus in congenital illness ( 30 ), human T cell leukemia virus ( 31 ), Hantaan virus ( 32 ), hepatitis E virus ( 33 ), HIV ( 34 ) and – more recently – the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 ( 35 – 39 ). In addition, various gastroenteric viruses have been detected in children with other autoimmune disorders such as celiac disease and type 1 diabetes ( 40 , 41 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Common Human Viruses in Thyroid Tissue

et al. 2022

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IntroductionEvidence points to viral infections as possible triggers of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), but little is known about the prevalence of common viruses in the thyroid gland. Using a novel approach based on virus enrichment in multiple cell lines followed by detection of the viral genome and visualization of viral proteins, we investigated the presence of multiple human viruses in thyroid tissue from AITD patients and controls.MethodsThyroid tissue was collected by core needle biopsy or during thyroid surgery from 35 patients with AITD (20 Graves’ disease and 15 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). Eighteen thyroid tissue specimens from patients undergoing neck surgery for reasons other than thyroid autoimmunity served as controls. Specimens were tested for the presence of ten different viruses. Enteroviruses and human herpesvirus 6 were enriched in cell culture before detection by PCR and immunofluorescence, while the remaining viruses were detected by PCR of biopsied tissue.ResultsForty of 53 cases (75%) carried an infectious virus. Notably, 43% of all cases had a single virus, whereas 32% were coinfected by two or more virus types. An enterovirus was found in 27/53 cases (51%), human herpesvirus 6 in 16/53 cases (30%) and parvovirus B19 in 12/53 cases (22%). Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus were found in a few cases only. Of five gastroenteric virus groups examined, only one was detected in a single specimen. Virus distribution was not statistically different between AITD cases and controls.ConclusionCommon human viruses are highly prevalent in the thyroid gland. This is the first study in which multiple viral agents have been explored in thyroid. It remains to be established whether the detected viruses represent causal agents, possible cofactors or simple bystanders.

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Hashimoto’s thyroiditis following SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

SARS-CoV-2: Emerging Role in the Pathogenesis of Various Thyroid Diseases

SARS-CoV-2: Emerging Role in the Pathogenesis of Various Thyroid Diseases

Acquired Hemophilia A After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report

High Prevalence of Common Human Viruses in Thyroid Tissue

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