Hazard mapping for ice and combined snow/ice avalanches — two case studies from the Swiss and Italian Alps

Margreth, Stefan; Funk, Martin

doi:10.1016/s0165-232x(99)00027-0

Cited by 45 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…There are no dynamic models explicitly developed for the calculation of ice avalanches. In practice, topographical models (Alean, 1984) and dynamic models developed for snow avalanches (Margreth and Funk, 1999) are applied. As the validation of such models for the calculation of ice P. Dalban Canassy et al: Hazard assessment investigations due to recent changes in Triftgletscher avalanches is complex, the results have to be interpreted carefully.…”

Section: Ice Avalanche Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard assessment investigations due to recent changes in Triftgletscher, Bernese Alps, Switzerland

Canassy¹,

Bauder²,

Dost

et al. 2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The details and the consequences of the recent retreat of Triftgletscher (Gadmertal, Bernese Alps, Switzerland) have been investigated. Geodetic volume changes indicate a strong decrease since 1929 while the position of the terminus remained practically unchanged until 1990. The role played by calving in the tongue retreat running from 2000 to 2006 is confirmed by means of a mass balance model including a calving criterion. Results show that without calving, it would have taken two years longer for the lake to form than has been observed. The consequences of the ensuing tongue destabilization are surveyed, first with an ice avalanche model and second with a hydraulic study of the potential impulse wave triggered by the impact of the falling ice mass in the lake. Results point out that ice avalanches with volumes greater that 1 ·10 6 m 3 will flow into the lake and that in the worst scenario, a discharge of 400 m 3 s −1 is expected to reach the endangered area in Gadmertal 11 min after the break-off. In order to detect surface motion precursors to such ice avalanches, a photographic monitoring system was installed. The results indicate seasonal variations with peak velocity in summer and no significant change during the other months. Spectacular velocity increases were not observed so far.

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Section: Ice Avalanche Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard assessment investigations due to recent changes in Triftgletscher, Bernese Alps, Switzerland

Canassy¹,

Bauder²,

Dost

et al. 2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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show abstract

“…These events leave a record in the geomorphology of the affected areas, but are soon forgotten by residents (Mortara and Chiarle, 2005). Reports of suddenly arising highly critical situations in the Alps (Margreth and Funk, 1999;Barla et al, 2000;Dei Cas et al, 2004;Deline et al, 2004;Kääb et al, 2004) and the catastrophic KolkaKarmadon rock/ice slide in the Russian Caucasus (Huggel et al, 2005) have highlighted the danger these events pose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent debris flow occurrences associated with glaciers in the Alps

Chiarle¹,

Iannotti²,

Mortara³

et al. 2007

Global and Planetary Change

200

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“…For rock or combined rock-ice avalanches for example DAN/DAN3D (Evans et al 2009;McDougall & Hungr 2004), TITAN2D (Pitman et al 2003) or RAMMS (RApid Mass MovementS) (Christen et al 2010) have been applied. Earlier applications for ice avalanches in the Alps have used 1D models based on Voellmy-Salm friction terms (Alean 1985;Margreth & Funk 1999).…”

Section: Schattiertes Relief Des 2005 Lidar Dem Der Monte Rosa-ostwanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research advances on climate-induced slope instability in glacier and permafrost high-mountain environments

et al. 2010

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Abstract. High-mountain areas with glacier and permafrost occurrence are temperature sensitive environments. Climatic changes are, thus, likely to have an effect on slope stability. Several recent events have shown that rock and ice avalanches and related hazards can have severe consequences. For hazard analysis, the processes of slope failure and flow dynamics should therefore be better understood. In this article, recent advances in this field are presented, including high-resolution topographic monitoring of a large Alpine high-mountain flank (Monte Rosa) over the past 50 years and laboratory experiments with rotating drums and numerical modelling. This recent research has revealed important insight into the causes and dynamics of slope instabilities and contributes towards a better understanding of the influence of ice on avalanche dynamics and runout. It is emphasized that high-mountain slope failures need to be viewed from an interdisciplinary perspective, taking a number of process interactions into account.

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Hazard mapping for ice and combined snow/ice avalanches — two case studies from the Swiss and Italian Alps

Cited by 45 publications

References 1 publication

Hazard assessment investigations due to recent changes in Triftgletscher, Bernese Alps, Switzerland

Hazard assessment investigations due to recent changes in Triftgletscher, Bernese Alps, Switzerland

Recent debris flow occurrences associated with glaciers in the Alps

Research advances on climate-induced slope instability in glacier and permafrost high-mountain environments

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