Hazardous substances data bank (HSDB) as a source of environmental fate information on chemicals

Abstract

The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), a factual data bank on the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) TOXNET (Toxicology Data Network) online system, provides information in areas such as chemical substance identification, chemical and physical properties, safety and handling, toxicology, pharmacology, environmental fate and transformation, regulations, and analytical methodology. This article discusses how environmental fate data is handled in HSDB.

Sonocatalytic-TiO2 nanotube, Fenton, and CCl4 reactions for enhanced oxidation, and their applications to acetaminophen and naproxen degradation

“…The obtained results indicated that increasing the concentration from 0 to 4 mM of t-BuOH effectively decreased the initial degradation rate (k 1 ) from 4.64 Â 10 À2 min À1 to 0.30 Â 10 À2 min À1 for AAP and from 21.5 Â 10 À2 min À1 to 1.64 Â 10 À2 min À1 for NPX; AAP and NPX degradation efficiencies were 75.1% and 100% at 0 mM, 20.7% and 66.3% at 1 mM, 17.4% and 60.9% at 2 mM, 11.4% and 48.1% at 3 mM, and 8.7% and 38.9% at 4 mM t-BuOH, respectively. According to the chemical properties of t-BuOH, which is volatile and water soluble, the degradation could have taken place at the interface of the liquid-gas bubbles and bubbles inside the reacting Å OH (k OH = 5.9 Â 10 8 M À1 s À1 ) and pyrolysis [42]. Additionally, while degrading t-BuOH, volatile substances are released as by-products, which could also accumulate within the bubble, competing with CCl 4 .…”

“…Additionally, the results confirmed that the PhAC degradation increased as the CCl 4 concentration increased, ranging from 10 to 150 lM, which may be a result of the decomposition of CCl 4 under US irradiation. CCl 4 is volatile (vapor pressure = 91 mmHg at 20°C, Henry's law constant = 2.67 Â 10 À2 atm m 3 mol À1 ), and a non Å OH induced oxidation compound (second order rate constants (k OH ); k OH = 1.2 Â 10 À16 M À1 s À1 ) [42], implying that the degradation is expected to occur predominantly inside the cavitation bubble by a thermally-induced reaction. While degrading CCl 4 under US irradiation, a strong inhibition of the recombination reaction between hydrogen atom and Å OH occurs as a result of hydrogen atom scavenger (second order rate constants (k H ); k H = 3.8 Â 10 7 -M À1 s À1 ) [43].…”

Pathway modeling of microarray data: A case study of pathway activity changes in the testis following in utero exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP)

“…DBP is one of the most commonly used plasticizers, and the exposure routes include crop cultivation, packaging materials, air, and drinking water (Fonger, 1995). In rats, in utero DBP exposure at 500 mg/kg/day results in developmental toxicity in a number of male reproductive organs, including testes (Mylchreest et al, 1998(Mylchreest et al, , 1999(Mylchreest et al, , 2002Mylchreest and Foster, 2000;Barlow et al, 2004;Lehmann et al, 2004;Kleymenova et al, 2005;Ferrara et al, 2006).…”

Web portal for management of bioindication methods and ecotoxicological tests in ecological risk assessment

“…Most of these databases provide information on toxicity data, hazardous chemicals, chemical and physical properties, hazard identification, dose-response assessment, bioavailability, etc (TOXNET, http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/; TRACE, http://www.bibra-information.co.uk/index.asp?page=16) and the comparisons and summaries of some existing databases were published in scientific literature (Anderson 2000;Felsot 2002;.Fonger 1995;Guebert and Guyodo 2002;Klimish et al 1997;Wexler 2001;Wukowitz 2001). This article shows a different kind of database on the web, storing and offering information about ecotoxicological tests and bioindication methods used in EcoRA.…”