2022
DOI: 10.1109/access.2022.3143799
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HCovBi-Caps: Hate Speech Detection Using Convolutional and Bi-Directional Gated Recurrent Unit With Capsule Network

Abstract: Adversaries and anti-social elements have exploited the rapid proliferation of computing technology and online social media in the form of novel security threats, such as fake profiles, hate speech, social bots, and rumors. The hate speech problem on online social networks (OSNs) is also widespread. The existing literature has machine learning approaches for hate speech detection on OSNs. However, the effectiveness of contextual information at different orientations is understudied. This study presents a novel… Show more

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Cited by 58 publications
(18 citation statements)
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References 40 publications
(51 reference statements)
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“…Experimental data show that the FHAN way in this paper has better performance in stock price prediction than other neural network models and LSTM-attention [18]. References [19,20] presented a novel Convolutional, BiGRU, and Capsule network-based deep learning model, HCovBi-Caps, to classify the hate speech, and multichannel CNN modeling is discussed in [21][22][23] and a new multichannel convolution neural network (MCCNN) model is proposed for extracting the relationship.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…Experimental data show that the FHAN way in this paper has better performance in stock price prediction than other neural network models and LSTM-attention [18]. References [19,20] presented a novel Convolutional, BiGRU, and Capsule network-based deep learning model, HCovBi-Caps, to classify the hate speech, and multichannel CNN modeling is discussed in [21][22][23] and a new multichannel convolution neural network (MCCNN) model is proposed for extracting the relationship.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…Deep learning, according to [12], was instrumental in the discovery of architectures like the Hierarchical Computing Architecture (HiCH), which, when combined with algorithms like Internet of Things, convolutional neural network (CNN) [13,14], will lead to the development of wireless body area networks (WBAN) for wearable devices. A variety of machine learning algorithms, including KNN ,EM, C5.0, C4.5 and, are used to enhance AI by lling in missing data and building decision trees.…”
Section: Literature Surveymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the limitation of their work is that they did not explore more advanced BERT architectures such as robustly optimized BERT pretraining approach (RoBERTa), which has the potential to bolster performance further. Shakir et al 21 has developed an architecture consisting of bidirectional gated recurrent units (BiGRU), which is followed by a convolutional layer and a capsule network. A capsule network helps to incorporate contextual information at different orientations for hate speech detection.…”
Section: Related Workmentioning
confidence: 99%