Health and Economic Burden of Obesity in Brazil

Abstract

IntroductionHigher and lower-middle income countries are increasingly affected by obesity. Obesity-related diseases are placing a substantial health and economic burden on Brazil. Our aim is to measure the future consequences of these trends on the associated disease burden and health care costs.MethodA previously developed micro-simulation model is used to project the extent of obesity, obesity-related diseases and associated healthcare costs to 2050. In total, thirteen diseases were considered: coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and eight cancers. We simulated three hypothetical intervention scenarios: no intervention, 1% and 5% reduction in body mass index (BMI).ResultsIn 2010, nearly 57% of the Brazilian male population was overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), but the model projects rates as high as 95% by 2050. A slightly less pessimistic picture is predicted for females, increasing from 43% in 2010 to 52% in 2050. Coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, cancers, osteoarthritis and diabetes prevalence cases are projected to at least double by 2050, reaching nearly 34,000 cases of hypertension by 2050 (per 100,000). 1% and 5% reduction in mean BMI will save over 800 prevalence cases and nearly 3,000 cases of hypertension by 2050 respectively (per 100,000). The health care costs will double from 2010 ($5.8 billion) in 2050 alone ($10.1 billion). Over 40 years costs will reach $330 billion. However, with effective interventions the costs can be reduced to $302 billion by 1% and to $273 billion by 5% reduction in mean BMI across the population.ConclusionObesity rates are rapidly increasing creating a high burden of disease and associated costs. However, an effective intervention to decrease obesity by just 1% will substantially reduce obesity burden and will have a significant effect on health care expenditure.

Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2: caracterização da assistência à saúde, parâmetros clínicos e estado nutricional de idosos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, em dois períodos de acompanhamento

“…O sedentarismo também contribui para maior incidência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, maior morbidade e oneração do sistema de saúde (RTVELADZE et al, 2013).…”

“…O objetivo desta estimativa é medir os impactos da obesidade nos custos ao sistema de saúde e identificá-la como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de comorbidades (RTVELADZE et al, 2013).…”

“…75! (41% sobrepeso e 16% de obesidade), para 2050 o aumento previsto é de 95%, indicando 49% de sobrepeso e 46% de obesidade (RTVELADZE et al, 2013).…”

“…O aumento é identificado, principalmente, com o envelhecimento, em todos os grupos (RTVELADZE et al, 2013).…”

“…A obesidade também foi responsável, durante a projeção, pelo dobro de incidência de câncer, tabagismo, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e osteoartrose entre 2010 e 2050 (RTVELADZE et al, 2013).…”