Resumo A escassez de profissionais do campo das ciências naturais e engenharias atinge diversos países. No Brasil, uma das causas para esse fenômeno é a alta evasão de estudantes de cursos de ensino superior dessa área. Em função dos cursos das instituições públicas e de parte significativa dos empréstimos e bolsas de estudo ofertadas no ensino privado serem custeados por recursos governamentais, torna-se importante avaliar os motivos que causam o elevado abandono. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo consiste em analisar variáveis que influenciam na evasão. O método utilizado é o de Análise de Sobrevivência, por meio das bases de dados do Censo da Educação Superior dos anos de 2009 a 2014. Como resultado, percebe-se que a evasão é maior nas instituições privadas. Ser homem e ter mais idade diminui o tempo de vida do indivíduo no ensino superior, enquanto que alunos contemplados com apoio financeiro apresentam uma maior retenção.
Adolescence is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood. The article aims to study the individual, family and school characteristics of adolescents beginning their sexual lives. The database we used was the 2015 PeNSE (National Adolescent School-based Health Survey) and the methodology was the survival analysis. The results show that boys initiate sexual activity before girls and risky behaviors associated with the use of licit and illicit drugs increase the chance of having early sex. In addition, this work highlights the importance of parental practices in reducing the chances of beginning sexual activity, as well as the presence of school workshops on the risks of pregnancy. It should be noted that intervention strategies need to be differentiated according to gender in order to increase effectiveness.
Recebido em 07 de abril de 2011. Aceito em 23 de maio de 2012.
ResumoO artigo busca analisar as características municipais que afetam a eficiência dos municípios brasileiros na gestão educacional, consequência do processo de descentralização educacional na década de 90. As informações foram extraídas da Prova Brasil, Censo Escolar, Finbra e STN para 2005. Empregamos um procedimento em três estágios, cujo primeiro consiste no uso de modelos SBM (slacks based measure) no cálculo da eficiência no uso de insumos discricionários. Em seguida, controlamos pelos insumos não discricionários, resultando em um novo índice de eficiência. Finalmente, aplicamos as misturas finitas para analisar a heterogeneidade existente entre os diversos municípios em relação aos níveis de eficiência da gestão municipal. Os resultados mostram a não uniformidade de impactos demográficos, políticos e de recursos sobre a eficiência da gestão educacional entre os diversos grupos de municípios brasileiros. O aumento de democracia e recursos como o decorrente do Fundef, em geral, aumenta a eficiência da administração escolar municipal.
Palavras-Chave eficiência, municípios, educação, modelo de misturas finitas
AbstractThe article analyses what determines efficiency concerning with educational management in Brazilian municipalities, as a result of decentralization process which happened in 90s. The pieces of information were extracted from Censo Escolar, Prova Brasil Finbra and STN dataset for the 2005-year. We employ a methodology with three stages of which the first stage consists of using the SBM (slacks based measure) models in the efficiency estimation for the use of the discretionary inputs. In addition to this, non-discretionary inputs were controlled of which the result is a new efficiency index. Finally, we use
This paper investigates the effect of attending physical education classes on mental health indicators – loneliness and insomnia – of Brazilian schoolchildren. The identification strategy consists of separating the sample into two parts: people who practice physical activity and who attend physical education classes at school and people who, despite not attending physical education classes, practice physical activities. The data are from the 2015 National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE), and the sample pairing method is the Propensity Score Matching with robustness analysis using the Bivariate Probit method and the sensitivity is tested using the method developed by Ichino, Mealli, and Nannicini (2008). For both girls and boys the results showed that physical education exerts a negative effect, reducing the probability of reporting problems of insomnia and loneliness among schoolchildren who attend the discipline. Although they show similar magnitudes, the observed effects are greater for boys, in both measures. The study investigates – in a rigorous and unprecedented way in the literature – the effect of physical education classes on the insomnia and loneliness of Brazilian school children. The results are important for the formulation of discipline maintenance policies in the curriculum of schoolchildren in Brazil.
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