Health Conditions Associated with Overweight in Climacteric Women

Abstract

31This study aims to investigate the association between health conditions and 32 overweight in climacteric women assisted by primary care professionals. It is a cross-33 sectional study conducted with 874 women from 40 to 65 years of age, selected by 34 probabilistic sampling between August 2014 and August 2015. In addition to the outcome 35 variable, other variables such as overweight/obesity, sociodemographic, reproductive, 36 clinical, eating and behavioural factors were evaluated. Descriptive analyses of the 37 variables investigated through their frequency distributions were performed. Then, 38 bivariate analyses were performed through Poisson regression. For the multiple analyses, 39 the hierarchical Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with 40 overweight/obesity in the climacteric period. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 41 74%. Attending public school (PR: 1.30 -95% CI 1.14 -1.50), low schooling (PR: 1.11 42 -95% CI 1.01 -1.23), gout (PR: 1.18 -95% CI 1.16-1.44), kidney disease (PR: 1.18 -43 95% CI 1.05 -1.32), metabolic syndrome -MS (PR: 1.19 -95% CI 1.05 -1.34) and fat 44 intake (PR: 1.12 -95% CI 1.02 -1.23) were considered risk factors for overweight. 45Having the first birth after 18 years (PR: 0.89 -95% CI 0.82 to 0.97) was shown to be a 46 protective factor for overweight and obesity. The presence of overweight and obesity is 47 associated with socio-demographic, reproductive, clinical and eating habits. 48 49 Introduction 50Brazil has been presenting a rapid process of demographic and epidemiological 51 transition, leading to the frequent occurrence of chronic-degenerative diseases¹. The 52 increase in the prevalence of overweight, represented by overweight and obesity, among 53 the elderly female population raises great concern in developed and developing countries. 3 54Since overweight and obesity are risk factors for adverse health events 2 such as 55 disturbances in lipid and glycidic metabolism, psychological stress and sleep alterations, 56 with increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases 3 , musculoskeletal disease, acute 57 myocardial infarction 4 , cancer 5 and worse quality of life in comparison to those who were 58 satisfied with their body weight 6 . 59Overweight and obesity have become a public health problem in the world. The 60 projection for 2025 is that about 2.3 billion adults are overweight, and more than 700 61 million are obese. According to a study conducted in 2016, the rate of overweight among 62 Brazilian women is 50.5%, increasing this frequency with age and up to 64 years 7 . 63Epidemiological data are still scarce associating excess weight with behavioural 64 and clinical variables in climacteric women 8 , using probabilistic samples 9 . Considering 65 that climacteric is an important period of the women life cycle, and that this period is 66 related to the potential peak of fat mass and obesity in this group, the current study aimed 67 to investigate the association between health conditions and excess of weight ratio in 68 climacteri...

Prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated factors among women of childbearing age in Brazil

“…The 'dose-response' effect is consistent with previous studies and demonstrates a direct relationship between weight gain and the woman's age (7,16,23,24) . This occurs mainly because of the ageing process, which triggers several physiological changes in individuals, such as the loss of muscle mass and strength associated with sarcopenia (25)(26)(27) , which decreases functional performance and, consequently, reduces the frequency of physical activity and increases body weight (28,29) .…”

Modern opportunities and prospects for preserving woman’s health

“…тіла на 2,5-5 кг і більше, накопичення та перерозподілення жирової тканини в абдомінально-вісцеральній ділянці [14,15].…”