Heat release rate and computer fire modelling <i>vs</i> real‐scale fire tests in passenger trains

Capote, Jorge; Alvear, Daniel; Lázaro, M.; Espina, Pablo

doi:10.1002/fam.962

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the contribution of railcar interior finish wall materials on fire growth in railcars as part of the FIRESTARR program . Tests were performed in the Single Burning Item (SBI) standard corner test with a 75‐kW fire for 10 minutes in a corner lined with the combustible sample.…”

Section: Scientific Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the contribution of railcar interior finish wall materials on fire growth in railcars as part of the FIRESTARR program . A 2.3‐m‐high, 1.9‐m‐wide, and 2.0‐m‐long mock‐up of a railcar interior with a door and window opening was constructed to test various combustibles in this scenario.…”

Section: Scientific Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the contribution of railcar interior finish wall materials on fire growth in railcars as part of the FIRESTARR program. 27 NASFM also recommended requirements based on the average and peak heat release rate from cone calorimeter data using an exposure heat flux of 50 kW/m 2 . These requirements were developed to screen out materials that would cause flashover in the room-corner fire tests, but the method for establishing the critical values was unclear.…”

Section: Standard Room-corner Fire Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of fire growth and fully developed fires in railcars

Lattimer

McKinnon

2018

Fire and Materials

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Summary A literature review was performed to assess the state of knowledge of the effects of railcar interior finish materials on fire growth and fully developed fires from railcars. An overview is provided on standards and requirements currently used to regulate interior finish materials. Following this review, an overview of experimental and computational research is provided on railcar interior finish flammability and its impact on fire growth. A survey of the research on fully developed fires and the potential heat release rates of railcars is then presented. This includes scaling laws, experimental research, and model development. Future research recommendations are then presented.

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Section: Scientific Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scientific Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Standard Room-corner Fire Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of fire growth and fully developed fires in railcars

Lattimer

McKinnon

2018

Fire and Materials

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“…Therefore, a study based on the reproduction of the situation in the same structure as that of the building in which the fire occurred is required to reveal the flame behaviors at the time of the fire more accurately. The data collection methods in this research include a real-scale fire test [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], in which the main part or the whole structure where the fire occurred is constructed and a fire is intentionally generated [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], and a fire simulation, in which data are collected by computer simulation of the structure [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Spread of Thermal Insulation Materials in the Ceiling of Piloti-Type Structure: Comparison of Numerical Simulation and Experimental Fire Tests Using Small- and Real-Scale Models

Suh

Park

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Large-scale fires mainly due to the ignition of thermal insulation materials in the ceiling of piloti-type structures are becoming frequent. However, the fire spread in these cases is not well understood. Herein we performed small-scale and real-scale model tests, and numerical simulations using a fire dynamics simulator (FDS). The experimental and FDS results were compared to elucidate fire spread and effects of thermal insulation materials on it. Comparison of real-scale fire test and FDS results revealed that extruded polystyrene (XPS) thermal insulation material generated additional ignition sources above the ceiling materials upon melting and propagated and sustained the fire. Deformation of these materials during fire test generated gaps, and combustible gases leaked out to cause fire spread. When the ceiling materials collapsed, air flew in through the gaps, leading to flashover that rapidly increased fire intensity and degree of spread. Although the variations of temperatures in real-scale fire test and FDS analysis were approximately similar, melting of XPS and generation of ignition sources could not be reproduced using FDS. Thus, artificial settings that increase the size and intensity of ignition sources at the appropriate moment in FDS were needed to achieve results comparable to those recorded by heat detectors in real-scale fire tests.

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“…The use of computational fire modelling combined with the results provided by cone calorimeter experiments demonstrated important advantages over the traditional approaches in fire safety applied to passenger trains. 10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovations for smoke management in passenger trains

Lázaro

Cortabarria

et al. 2019

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Spanish manufacturer Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles developed an innovative alternative for compartmentation, based on a smoke extraction system, to guarantee safe conditions during evacuation processes in a passenger unit. To demonstrate its performance in a train unit, a real-scale experimental programme, supported by the application of fire computer modelling, was applied in a new Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles’ rolling stock. The new smoke exhaust system aims to extract the smoke generated during a fire in the passenger area by exhaust fans of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system, allowing the ingress of fresh exterior air in the lower part of the rear ends of the car. These key elements create an air flow that evacuates the smoke to prevent people from being exposed to it. Full-scale fire tests were developed in the train unit following the Australian standard AS 4391-1999. A fire of 140 kW was used, and the smoke was generated by a clean smoke machine. Measurement points included six thermocouple trees, 10 gas flow velocity probes and two GoPro HD video cameras (for the estimation of the visibility). The system performance was successful with the tenability criteria, since the value of visibility at the non-fire car was greater than 30 m and the temperature was lower than 30°C during all the tests at a height of 1.7 m above the floor. Experimental results were used to validate the computational model. The computational model results show a good accuracy compared with the tests.

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Heat release rate and computer fire modelling vs real‐scale fire tests in passenger trains

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

A review of fire growth and fully developed fires in railcars

A review of fire growth and fully developed fires in railcars

Fire Spread of Thermal Insulation Materials in the Ceiling of Piloti-Type Structure: Comparison of Numerical Simulation and Experimental Fire Tests Using Small- and Real-Scale Models

Innovations for smoke management in passenger trains

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