Heat-Transfer Analysis of Animals: Some Implications for Field Ecology, Physiology, and Evolution

Bakken, George S.; Gates, David M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-87810-7_16

Cited by 220 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Nonetheless, it is not clear whether ectotherms can adjust their within-body temperature heterogeneity to maintain several physiological functions near their optimal temperature in different body compartments. Third, ecologists have developed physical models that are useful in mapping body temperatures across space and time (Bakken and Gates, 1975;Fitzhenry et al, 2004;Dzialowski, 2005;Angilletta, 2009). These biomimetic loggers give estimates of body temperature, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and arm abscission are linked to regional heterothermy in an intertidal sea star

Pincebourde

Sanford

Helmuth

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYBody temperature is a more pertinent variable to physiological stress than ambient air temperature. Modeling and empirical studies on the impacts of climate change on ectotherms usually assume that body temperature within organisms is uniform. However, many ectotherms show significant within-body temperature heterogeneity. The relationship between regional heterothermy and the response of ectotherms to sublethal and lethal conditions remains underexplored. We quantified withinbody thermal heterogeneity in an intertidal sea star (Pisaster ochraceus) during aerial exposure at low tide to examine the lethal and sublethal effects of temperatures of different body regions. In manipulative experiments, we measured the temperature of the arms and central disc, as well as survival and arm abscission under extreme aerial conditions. Survival was related strongly to central disc temperature. Arms were generally warmer than the central disc in individuals that survived aerial heating, but we found the reverse in those that died. When the central disc reached sublethal temperatures of 31-35°C, arms reached temperatures of 33-39°C, inducing arm abscission. The absolute temperature of individual arms was a poor predictor of arm abscission, but the arms lost were consistently the hottest at the within-individual scale. Therefore, the vital region of this sea star may remain below the lethal threshold under extreme conditions, possibly through water movement from the arms to the central disc and/or evaporative cooling, but at the cost of increased risk of arm abscission. Initiation of arm abscission seems to reflect a whole-organism response while death occurs as a result of stress acting directly on central disc tissues. Supplementary material available online at

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and arm abscission are linked to regional heterothermy in an intertidal sea star

Pincebourde

Sanford

Helmuth

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…These models mimic the thermal properties of a thermoconforming lizard (e.g. colour, shape and size; [46]). We embedded iBUTTON data loggers (DS1921K Maxim) into copper models shaped using a mould of A. cybotes-this new generation of copper models permits automated temperature recording (for details of their construction, see [47]).…”

Section: (D) Cold-acclimatization Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary stasis and lability in thermal physiology in a group of tropical lizards

et al. 2014

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Understanding how quickly physiological traits evolve is a topic of great interest, particularly in the context of how organisms can adapt in response to climate warming. Adjustment to novel thermal habitats may occur either through behavioural adjustments, physiological adaptation or both. Here, we test whether rates of evolution differ among physiological traits in the cybotoids, a clade of tropical Anolis lizards distributed in markedly different thermal environments on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. We find that cold tolerance evolves considerably faster than heat tolerance, a difference that results because behavioural thermoregulation more effectively shields these organisms from selection on upper than lower temperature tolerances. Specifically, because lizards in very different environments behaviourally thermoregulate during the day to similar body temperatures, divergent selection on body temperature and heat tolerance is precluded, whereas night-time temperatures can only be partially buffered by behaviour, thereby exposing organisms to selection on cold tolerance. We discuss how exposure to selection on physiology influences divergence among tropical organisms and its implications for adaptive evolutionary response to climate warming.

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“…Comparison of rates of heating and cooling between species and between experiments is facilitated by expressing the data as the time constant of the exponential rate of heating or cooling, τ (Strunk, 1971;Spotila et al, 1973;Bakken & Gates, 1975;Bakken, 1976b;Smith, 1976). Use of the thermal time constant suffers from none of the disadvantages discussed above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time constants of heating and cooling in the eastern water dragon, Physignathus lesueruii and some generalizations about heating and cooling in reptiles

Grigg

Drane

Courtice

1979

Journal of Thermal Biology

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Abstract-1. In keeping with other reptiles, core temperature of the lizard Physignathus lesueurii responds more rapidly to a step function increase in temperature than to a corresponding decrease.2. Observations on twelve species (five families) of non-Chelonian reptiles heating and cooling in air and water show that strongly predictable relationships exist between thermal time constants and body size. Chelonia show a different pattern.3. These observations are compared with the predictions of a simple model which, although not sufficiently complex to simulate physiological changes, provides insight into the relative importance of the physical and biological factors which underlie the observed relationships.

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Heat-Transfer Analysis of Animals: Some Implications for Field Ecology, Physiology, and Evolution

Cited by 220 publications

References 29 publications

Survival and arm abscission are linked to regional heterothermy in an intertidal sea star

Survival and arm abscission are linked to regional heterothermy in an intertidal sea star

Evolutionary stasis and lability in thermal physiology in a group of tropical lizards

Time constants of heating and cooling in the eastern water dragon, Physignathus lesueruii and some generalizations about heating and cooling in reptiles

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