Heavy Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress in Plants: Response of the Antioxidative System

Štolfa, Ivna; Pfeiffer, Tanja Žuna; Špoljarić, Dubravka; Teklić, Tihana; Lončarić, Zdenko

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20421-5_6

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 225 publications

(223 reference statements)

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“…This statement seems to be particularly important, taking into account that metal-flavonoid complexes have been found to operate as more efficient antioxidants than the initial flavonoids [16]. Moreover, flavonoids are able to quench H 2 O 2 freely diffusing from other compartments to vacuoles, when APX and CAT activity is suppressed [70]. In our study, APX activity in CAL shoots treated with HMs did not change with respect to untreated ones, indicating the insignificant role of this enzyme in ROS deactivation, whereas CAT activity increased similarly in both HM-treated CAL shoots, about 30% of the control.…”

Section: Changes In Antioxidant Accumulations Are Ecotype-specificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotype-Specific Pathways of Reactive Oxygen Species Deactivation in Facultative Metallophyte Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Treated with Heavy Metals

2020

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This research aimed to indicate mechanisms involved in protection against the imbalanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during heavy metals (HMs) exposition of Silene vulgaris ecotypes with different levels of metal tolerance. Specimens of non-metallicolous (NM), calamine (CAL), and serpentine (SER) ecotypes were treated in vitro with Zn, Pb, and Cd ions applied simultaneously in concentrations that reflected their contents in natural habitats of the CAL ecotype (1× HMs) and 2.5- or 5.0-times higher than the first one. Our findings confirmed the sensitivity of the NM ecotype and revealed that the SER ecotype was not fully adapted to the HM mixture, since intensified lipid peroxidation, ultrastructural alternations, and decline in photosynthetic pigments’ content were ascertained under HM treatment. These changes resulted from insufficient antioxidant defense mechanisms based only on ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity assisted (depending on HMs concentration) by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase activity at pH 6.8 in the NM ecotype or by GST and guaiacol-type peroxidase in the SER one. In turn, CAL specimens showed a hormetic reaction to 1× HMs, which manifested by both increased accumulation of pigments and most non-enzymatic antioxidants and enhanced activity of catalase and enzymes from the peroxidase family (with the exception of APX). Interestingly, no changes in superoxide dismutase activity were noticed in metallicolous ecotypes. To sum up, the ROS scavenging pathways in S. vulgaris relied on antioxidants specific to the respective ecotypes, however the synthesis of polyphenols was proved to be a universal reaction to HMs.

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Section: Changes In Antioxidant Accumulations Are Ecotype-specificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotype-Specific Pathways of Reactive Oxygen Species Deactivation in Facultative Metallophyte Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Treated with Heavy Metals

2020

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“…One such component involves the activation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) for the direct inactivation of the reactive radicals. The other mechanism includes the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds like phenylpropanoids (flavonoids, tannins, and lignin) carotenoids, ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH), alkaloids and proline for the detoxification of heavy metal induced ROS and subsequent removal of free radicals by scavenging to neutralize the heavy metal mediated toxicity 14,[115][116][117] (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Heavy Metal Mediated Chemical Toxicity Generates Oxidative Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative and genotoxic damages in plants in response to heavy metal stress and maintenance of genome stability

Dutta

Mitra

Agarwal

et al. 2018

Plant Signaling & Behavior

110

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Plants, being sessile in nature, are constantly exposed to various environmental stresses, such as solar UV radiations, soil salinity, drought and desiccation, rehydration, low and high temperatures and other vast array of air and soil borne chemicals, industrial waste products, metals and metalloids. These agents, either directly or indirectly via the induction of oxidative stress and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), frequently perturb the chemical or physical structures of DNA and induce both cytotoxic or genotoxic stresses. Such condition, in turn, leads to genome instability and thus eventually severely affecting plant health and crop yield. With the growing industrialization process and non-judicious use of chemical fertilizers, the heavy metal mediated chemical toxicity has become one of the major environmental threats for the plants around the globe. The heavy metal ions cause damage to the structural, enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of plant cell, often resulting in loss of cell viability, thus negatively impacting plant growth and development. Plants have also evolved with an extensive and highly efficient mechanism to respond and adapt under such heavy metal toxicity mediated stress conditions. In addition to morpho-anatomical, hormonal and biochemical responses, at the molecular level, plants respond to heavy metal stress induced oxidative and genotoxic damage via the rapid change in the expression of the responsive genes at the transcriptional level. Various families of transcription factors play crucial role in triggering such responses. Apart from transcriptional response, epigenetic modifications have also been found to be essential for maintenance of plant genome stability under genotoxic stress. This review represents a comprehensive survey of recent advances in our understanding of plant responses to heavy metal mediated toxicity in general with particular emphasis on the transcriptional and epigenetic responses and highlights the importance of understanding the potential targets in the associated pathways for improved stress tolerance in crops.

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“…The toxic action of Hg on the protein structures occurs predominantly by oxidation of the thiol groups, resulting in modifi cation of the three-dimensional shape of the aquaporins and, consequently, in reduction in water transport (Daniels, et al, 1996;Tyerman, et al, 1999;Savage and Stroud, 2007;Aroca, et al, 2012). The operability of these structures, however, can be reestablished through reducing agents, such as DTT, which acts to protect and reduce the sulfhydryl groups, allowing resumption of water transport (Maurel, et al, 1993;Javot, et al, 2002;Jain, et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the germination process, the activation of cellular metabolism induces a series of events, such as DNA repair and synthesis, both crucial for seed germination and initial seedling growth (Nonogaki, et al, 2010). Under stress conditions, such as the presence of heavy metals, cell metabolism induces high production of reactive oxygen species that can promote DNA cleavage, modifying from 10,000 to 100,000 base pairs in a single cell per day (Kranner and Colville, 2011;Štolfa, et al, 2015). The embryonic axes of S. parahyba exposed to Hg, however, did not exhibit damage to DNA, which may be a result of the effective action of the cell antioxidant system, promoting elimination or reduction in the concentrations of reactive oxygen species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MERCURY AFFECTS AQUAPORINS ACTIVITY AND GERMINATION OF THE EMBRYONIC AXIS OF Schizolobium parahyba (VELL.) BLAKE (FABACEAE)

et al. 2019

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Germination is a physiological process that begins with hydration. Specific channels known as aquaporins are responsible for water uptake through biological cell membranes. The mercuric chloride (HgCl2) reversibly inhibits water transport during germination through the aquaporins and can changes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integrity, which can result in aquaporins deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HgCl2 and dithiothreitol (DTT) on aquaporins activity and on the integrity/degradation of DNA in embryonic axes of Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake during the germination process. Isolated axes were exposed to different concentrations of HgCl2 or DTT; and aquaporins activity, embryo hydration, and DNA integrity were evaluated during embryonic axes imbibition. Growth and changes in axis fresh weight were quantified. We found that the heavy metal affects seed hydration by inhibition of aquaporins activity and does not cause changes in DNA integrity.

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Heavy Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress in Plants: Response of the Antioxidative System

Cited by 41 publications

References 225 publications

Ecotype-Specific Pathways of Reactive Oxygen Species Deactivation in Facultative Metallophyte Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Treated with Heavy Metals

Ecotype-Specific Pathways of Reactive Oxygen Species Deactivation in Facultative Metallophyte Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Treated with Heavy Metals

Oxidative and genotoxic damages in plants in response to heavy metal stress and maintenance of genome stability

MERCURY AFFECTS AQUAPORINS ACTIVITY AND GERMINATION OF THE EMBRYONIC AXIS OF Schizolobium parahyba (VELL.) BLAKE (FABACEAE)

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