Heavy Metals and Antibiotics Susceptibility Profiles of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Several Points Receiving Daily Input from the Bodija Abattoir in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Indiscriminate and unguided discharge of untreated wastewater especially from abattoirs can constitute a public health threat and also stimulate the onset of co-resistance to metal and antibiotics in environmental microorganisms. It has been shown that microorganisms especially bacteria that have the capacity to resist antibiotics and heavy metals, may constitute a public health threat. This study was therefore conducted to determine the susceptibility and tolerance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from abattoir effluent flowing into a receiving river around Bodija market in Ibadan to a range of antibiotics and heavy metals. Ten points were selected for sampling, and the samples were cultured on nutrient agar and mannitol salt agar. A total of 22 Staphylococcus aureus strains were obtained. They were subjected to increasing concentration of six heavy metals [lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni)] and five antibiotics. Of the total isolates, 41% were resistant to all the six metals at 1500μg/ml concentration, while the others showed various degree of resistance. A percentage resistance of 22.7% was observed for tetracycline, 100% to ceftazidime, 9.1% to ciprofloxacin and vancomycin while 63.6% of the strains were resistant to oxacillin. All the strains but two showed resistance to all the metals tested, while multiple resistance to antibiotics was also observed. Further studies need to be carried out on the mechanisms of resistance of these strains.

Association of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistant Bacteria Screened from Wastewater

“…The result of this study agrees with the finding of the study conducted by Oaikhena et al (2016), Yamina et al (2012), Radhi et al (2012), Adekanmbi et al (2015), Shakibaei et al (2008) where isolates (P. aeruginosa, P.…”

“…The result of this study agrees with the study of Yamina et al (2012), Selvi et al (2012), Rajbhanshi (2008) were multi drug resistant isolates (P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus spp, E. coli, Enterobacter spp, Proteus spp, S. aureus) were found to be resistant towards heavy metals. This could be due to the screening of similar isolates and using similar heavy metals (Adekanmbi and Falodun, 2015;Rajbanshi, 2009;Selvi et al, 2012).…”

“…vulgaris, E. coli and S. aureus) were resistant to heavy metals and antibiotics. The reason could be the similar selection of heavy metals, it's concentration and screening of similar isolates (Adekanmbi and Falodun, 2015;Oaikhena et al, 2016;Radhi, 2012;Yamina et al, 2012) and/or due to the little known antibiotic resistance of the majority of environmental isolates (Allen et al, 2010). The microbial resistance to heavy metal is attributed to a variety of detoxifying mechanisms like complexation by exopolysaccharides, binding with bacterial cell envelopes, metal reduction, metal efflux etc (Chen et al, 2015;Dixit et al, 2015).…”

Spatial Distribution of Bacterial Isolates from Different Abattoirs in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

“…The predominant bacteria isolated in this study were of the genera Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia and Chromobacterium. Similar studies have recorded the presence of these microorganisms from abattoirs in Nigeria and other countries [13][14][15][16][17]. The presence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp.…”

Antibiogram of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> Strains Isolated from Wastewater Generated by an Abattoir as It Journeys into a Receiving River

“…The descriptions of the sampling points and the Geographical Positioning System (GPS) readings have earlier been reported by Adekanmbi and Falodun [16].…”