Heavy metals contamination in lipsticks and their associated health risks to lipstick consumers

Zakaria, Airin; Ho, Yu Bin

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.07.005

Cited by 77 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We found that BPb concentrations were significantly higher in subjects who used cosmetics than in those who did not, similar to the findings for hair dye users. This is consistent with the results of previous reports; the vast majority of cosmetics contain Pb, which is absorbed through the skin into the body [91,92,93,94,95,96]. In the present study, alcohol consumption was associated with higher BPb.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Analysis of Blood Concentrations of Zinc, Germanium, and Lead and Relevant Environmental Factors in a Population Sample from Shandong Province, China

Xu²,

Shao³

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Trace elements, including zinc (Zn) and germanium (Ge), are essential for health; deficiency or excess levels of trace elements results is harmful. As a result of industrial and agricultural production, Pb widely exists in people’s living environment. It is absorbed mainly through the respiratory and digestive tracts, producing systemic harm. Reference values for a normal, healthy population are necessary for health assessment, prevention and treatment of related diseases, and evaluation of occupational exposures. Reference ranges for the Chinese population have not been established. From March 2009 to February 2010; we collected data and blood samples (n = 1302) from residents aged 6–60 years living in Shandong Province, China. We measured blood concentrations of Zn, Ge, and Pb using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine reference ranges. Results were stratified by factors likely to affect the concentrations of these trace elements: sex, use of cosmetics or hair dye, age, alcohol intake, smoking habits, and consumption of fried food. The overall geometric mean (GM) concentrations (95% confidence interval) were 3.14 (3.08–3.20) mg/L for Zn, 19.9 (19.3–20.6) μg/L for Ge, and 24.1 (23.2–25.1) μg/L for Pb. Blood Zn concentrations were higher in women than in men (p < 0.001), while the opposite was found for Pb (p < 0.001) and sex did not influence Ge (p = 0.095). Alcohol use was associated with higher blood concentrations of Zn (p = 0.002), Ge (p = 0.002), and Pb (p = 0.001). The GM concentration of Zn was highest in 20–30-year-olds (p < 0.001), while Pb concentrations were highest in 12–16-year-olds (p < 0.001). Use of hair dye was associated with lower blood concentrations of Ge (p < 0.05). GM blood concentrations of Pb differed significantly between those who consumed fried foods 1–2 times/month (18.7 μg/L), 1–2 times/week (20.9 μg/L), and every day (28.5 μg/L; p < 0.001). Blood Pb concentrations were higher in subjects who used cosmetics (p < 0.05), hair dye (p < 0.05), and who smoked cigarettes (p < 0.001) than in those who did not.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Analysis of Blood Concentrations of Zinc, Germanium, and Lead and Relevant Environmental Factors in a Population Sample from Shandong Province, China

Xu²,

Shao³

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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“…TiO 2 is used as a whitening agent, for softening reds into pinks, and as an antioxidant, both of which uses are approved by the FDA; the SASO allows up to 25% TiO 2 in cosmetic products. In the present study, the levels of Ti (in the form of TiO 2 ) was ranged between 0.0026% and 0.312%.The highest concentration of Fe found (59,702 μg/g) was found to be higher than that reported for lipstick products [6] [10] [19] [20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Hydrofluoric acid (HF) was neutralized after digestion by few drops of boric acid solution (4%) [20] [21] [22]. Calibration standards for each heavy metal were prepared daily y from the certified …”

Section: Reagents and Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals in Lipstick Products Marketed in Saudi Arabia

Zainy¹

2017

JCDSA

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The present study reports the content of 14 heavy metals (Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in twenty-two (n = 22) lipstick products of imported and locally manufactured at the local market in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia using Inductivity Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). The overall average contents of Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 3131.18 ± 0.09, 9642.92 ± 0.079, 46.59 ± 0.109, 0.545 ± 0.009, 2.041 ± 0.024, 1371.439 ± 0.085, 0.134 ± 0.008, 4.242 ± 0.02, ND, 3.934 ± 0.03, 19.712 ± 0.012, 20.196 ± 0.056, 0.725 ± 0.012, and 858.666 ± 0.083 μg/g, respectively. The correction coefficient of the results is up to 0.9995, showing an excellent linear relationship between metal concentrations in samples. The results also revealed that, the total concentrations of toxic metals in various samples ranged from 1201.35 -60,800.36 μg/g. The dark-colored lipstick samples 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 7B, B8, 9B, and 10B revealed high content of total toxic metals compared to the light-colored lipstick samples 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 4C, 5A, 7A, 8A, 9A, and 10A. The concentrations of Al, Fe, Ba, and Zn in the samples within each class under investigation are relatively high whereas the concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cu, and Pb are lowest; and Ti, Mn, and Ni contents were below 100 μg/g. Chromium was not detected in any sample. Since no safe limits for most of these metals relating to cosmetic products are available in Saudi Arabia, it is hard to ascertain whether the values obtained in this study are relatively high or low. Prolonged use of products containing these elements may pose a threat to human health and could damage the environment.

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“…[43] The first case of Nickel allergy caused by eye shadow has been reported; even as 1 ppm of it may trigger a preexisting allergy. [46] Mercury Mercury is a common ingredient present in skin-lightening soaps and creams. It is also found in various other cosmetics, such as eye make-up, cleansing products and mascara.…”

Section: Leadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmetics and Their Associated Adverse Effects: A Review

Khan¹,

Alam²

2019

J App Pharm Sci Res

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The word 'cosmetics' is taken from a Greek word "kosmeticos" which means to adorn. Since early days materials used for beautification or improvement of appearance comes under the category of cosmetics. People want to look beautiful and the concept of cosmetics is as old as mankind and civilization. The urge to beautify one's own body and look beautiful has been an urge in the human race since the tribal days. Assorted beauty products such as skincare products, hair products, fragrances, oral hygiene, and nail products, which may contain toxic chemicals that can be harmful to health are used especially by women. Since long time cosmetics have been known to enhance the appearance of the human body. In a society obsessed with beauty, people are lured to fake their appearance as a cure for their insecurities. The estimated value of cosmetic industry today is around 20 billion dollar globally. As a consumer, we are constantly attracted in using beauty and personal care products. But these products, which are supposed to make us feel healthy and look beautiful, have a deep dark side. Various toxic ingredients and hazardous chemicals used in cosmetics are incorporated in beyond acceptable limits. These chemicals may cause serious ill effects on skin and may also enter skin and other organs causing carcinogenicity. Cosmetics have not only seeped into the fashion world but are also playing a prominent role in one's day-to-day life. Thus, it becomes a necessity to make people aware of various harmful effects of cosmetics and chemicals used in cosmetics.

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Heavy metals contamination in lipsticks and their associated health risks to lipstick consumers

Cited by 77 publications

References 16 publications

Analysis of Blood Concentrations of Zinc, Germanium, and Lead and Relevant Environmental Factors in a Population Sample from Shandong Province, China

Analysis of Blood Concentrations of Zinc, Germanium, and Lead and Relevant Environmental Factors in a Population Sample from Shandong Province, China

Heavy Metals in Lipstick Products Marketed in Saudi Arabia

Cosmetics and Their Associated Adverse Effects: A Review

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