Helium-neon lasers stabilized to iodine at 605 nm

Characterization of the molecular iodine electronic wave functions and potential energy curves through hyperfine interactions in the B0+_u(3Pi_u) state

“…Thus one can keep only these terms and compare them with Eq. (14). This leads to the following relation between eqQ B and ␦ B :…”

“…Filled circles, spectroscopic data from the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] ; other symbols and lines, calculations. (a) With a mixing parameter ␣ = 0.99 (open circles on solid curve) for two 1 u states, the calculations agree well with the experimental data, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] whereas changing ␣ to 0.9 (squares on dashed curve) results in a large global deviation from the experimental data. (b) A deliberate reduction of the potential depths of the two 1 u PECs (triangles on solid curve) produces a noticeable discrepancy at R c = 4.2-5.5 Å but does not affect calculations at shorter and longer internuclear separations.…”

“…(c) At R c Ͻ ϳ 4 Å, the calculation begins to depart from the experimental data. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Figure 7 plots the calculated rotational dependence for two vibrational levels, Ј = 70 and Ј = 47, with the mixing parameter ␣ = 0.99. Considering a large energy difference between the two levels and the use of a fixed mixing parameter, the agreement with the experimental data 1-17 is reasonably good at both vibrational levels.…”

“…Molecular iodine is a rare case in that the hyperfine spectra in the B ← X system have been recorded not only with high precision at the kilohertz level but also for a large set of rovibrational levels, extending from Ј = 2 to just below the dissociation limit ͑Ј =82͒ in the excited B0 u + ͑ 3 ⌸ u ͒ electronic state. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Precise empirical-interpolation formulas have been developed to describe the hyperfine interaction. 2,3 These interpolation forms present a detailed frequency map for precision measurements relying on the hyperfine spectrum of molecular iodine.…”

Frequency stabilization of a 650 nm laser to an I2 spectrum for trapped Ba138+ ions

“…As a solution, atomic or molecular cells are usually used as the absolute reference for laser stabilization. In particular, hyperfine-resolved optical transitions of iodine (I 2 ) have been thoroughly studied [10,11], providing absolute references from the dissociation limit at 499.5 nm to the near-infrared region including the stabilization of 532, 605, 612, 633, 740 and 830 nm lasers [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Typically, Doppler-free spectroscopy, such as the saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) [18] or modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) [19], is widely used in laser stabilization systems, where the width of the error signal in the servo-loop can be compressed to tens of MHz level.…”