Helmets for preventing head and facial injuries in bicyclists

Thompson, Donovan J.; Rivara, Frederick P.; Thompson, Ricardo

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001855

Cited by 382 publications

(384 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…13 This same risk-compensation behaviour has been observed in (non-sport) cyclists 14 , which is again relevant since cycle helmets cannot completely eliminate the risk of head or brain injuries. 15 We are not arguing against the benefit of sport, but rather that its footprint needs to consider the negative as well as positive effects on cognition.…”

Section: Cognitive Footprint Of Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can we model a cognitive footprint of interventions and policies to help to meet the global challenge of dementia?

Rossor¹,

Knapp²

2015

The Lancet

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Section: Cognitive Footprint Of Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can we model a cognitive footprint of interventions and policies to help to meet the global challenge of dementia?

Rossor¹,

Knapp²

2015

The Lancet

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“…These studies demonstrated a "large protective effect of helmets" that supported a causal mechanism and could not be explained by selection bias, observation bias, confounding or chance. Helmets conferred a 63% to 88% reduction in the risk of head and brain injury for all ages, a 65% reduction of injuries to upper and mid-facial areas, a 69% protection from crashes involving motor vehicles and a 68% protection from all other causes (13). The second meta-analysis included cross-sectional surveys of injured and noninjured cyclists in addition to case-control studies (14).…”

Section: Understanding the Effectiveness And Limitations Of Bicycle Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second meta-analysis included cross-sectional surveys of injured and noninjured cyclists in addition to case-control studies (14). It presented overall odds ratios (ORs) for head and brain injuries similar to those of the Cochrane review (13) and also had sufficient data to calculate an OR for fatalities. Based on four deaths among 2461 helmeted cyclists and 43 deaths among 4794 non-helmeted cyclists, the OR was 0.27 (eg, a 73% reduction) with a 95% CI of 0.10 to 0.71.…”

Section: Understanding the Effectiveness And Limitations Of Bicycle Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving bicycle safety: The role of paediatricians and family physicians

LeBlanc¹,

Huybers

2004

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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Cycling is a complex activity requiring motor, sensory and cognitive skills that develop at different rates from childhood to adolescence. While children can successfully ride a two-wheeled bicycle at age five or six, judgment of road hazards are poor at that age and matures slowly until adult-like judgment is reached in early adolescence. Safe cycling depends on the care, skills and judgment of cyclists and motorists; roadway design that promotes safe coexistence of bicycles and motor vehicles; and the use of safety devices, including bicycle helmets, lights and reflective tape. Whereas, research into optimal roadway design and educational programs for drivers to improve road safety has yielded contradictory results, the benefits of bicycle helmet use and programs to enhance their use have been clearly shown. This paper has the following objectives for paediatricians and family physicians:1. To understand the relationship between bicycle safety and children's motor and cognitive skills.2. To understand the effectiveness and limitations of strategies to improve bicycle safety.3. To describe activities to promote bicycle safety that physicians can undertake in clinical settings and in the community.

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“…Perhaps the knowledge gap is related to efficacy of helmet use in adults -yet a Cochrane review demonstrated that helmets reduce the risk of head, brain, and severe brain injury for all cycling ages by 63% to 88%. 6 Perhaps they believe that, as adult, regular cyclists (or rare cyclists), they are exempt from harm. Relaying your experience treating cyclists in the trauma room may help patients re-evaluate their vulnerability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury prevention in the emergency department: An ongoing challenge Reference to: Emergency Physicians as human billboards for injury prevention: A randomized controlled trial by Emily Sullivan et al.

Snider

2017

CJEM

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Almost 2 million people visited Canadian emergency departments (ED) with injuries in 2013, accounting for 10% of ED visits. Only 4% of these were admitted. With injury being the number one killer of young people in Canada and a huge burden on our health care system, there is no doubt that Canadian emergency physicians must play a role in injury prevention. Yet, in the heat of a shift, all of us find it hard to fit in the counselling that may potentially help that patient avoid a future injury or even death. Finding effective injury prevention tools that will not impact our productivity, yet potentially decrease the numbers of patients coming to our ED, is difficult.In this month's CJEM, Dr. Emily Sullivan and colleagues present a study on a novel ED-based prevention program to improve counselling on the use of bicycling helmets. The randomized control trial tested the hypothesis that if a physician wears a scrub top with the injury prevention message, "Put me out of work: wear your bike helmet," time spent at the bedside counselling on injury prevention would increase. They also tested whether this would change bike helmet wearing behaviour. The results were negative in all outcomes. There was a minimal change in length of injury prevention counselling among those who were treated by a scrub-wearing physician versus a non-scrub-wearing physician and no change in helmet-wearing behaviour. 1 This is likely disappointing to the authors and to others who are looking for quick opportunities to provide injury prevention counselling in the ED. The authors humbly note many limitations to their study such as the small sample size and high loss to follow-up. Would education of physicians on how to effectively counsel on bike helmet use have changed their results? Would only targeting those with cycling injuries change their results? Importantly, this study raises questions on how we can better advocate as emergency physicians in injury prevention.Our job doesn't end at shift change. I am not alone in perseverating at home after seeing too many injuries caused by various risk-taking activities. As emergency physicians, we have a powerful voice in our community -both locally and nationally. Injury prevention can take many forms. Commonly, injury prevention practitioners acknowledge the importance of change in environment and legislation that will affect entire populations, and many physicians have been successful in initiating major changes.In the 1940s, Dr. Jay Arena saw a second child die from an aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or ASA) overdose. He contacted the head of the pharmaceutical company that manufactured ASA, and both brainstormed ways to make the product safer -including tops that are hard for children to remove. Twenty years later, these closures became mandatory and have saved many lives. 2 Canadian emergency physicians have lobbied for legislative change in drinking and driving, cell phone use while driving, and gun control. [3][4][5] Yet all of the engineering and legislation cannot eliminate unsafe behaviour...

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Helmets for preventing head and facial injuries in bicyclists

Abstract: Helmets for preventing head and facial injuries in bicyclists.

Cited by 382 publications

References 35 publications

Can we model a cognitive footprint of interventions and policies to help to meet the global challenge of dementia?

Can we model a cognitive footprint of interventions and policies to help to meet the global challenge of dementia?

Improving bicycle safety: The role of paediatricians and family physicians

Injury prevention in the emergency department: An ongoing challenge Reference to: Emergency Physicians as human billboards for injury prevention: A randomized controlled trial by Emily Sullivan et al.

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