Hematological Differences in Newborn and Aging: A Review Study

Jacob, Esan Ayodele

doi:10.15406/htij.2016.03.00067

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Information currently available about pediatric immunological development mainly derives from studies using the mouse model or human cord blood, both of which have limited translational applications (17)(18)(19). For example, clinical parameters in human cord blood, such as neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers, are rarely equivalent to neonatal and infant blood values (20)(21)(22)(23). In addition, information in the veterinary medicine literature describes the developmental immune system in companion and food-producing animals but is limited due to stark differences in physiology between these animals and humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Immunological Metrics During Pediatric Rhesus Macaque Development

et al. 2020

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Background: Clinical measurements commonly used to evaluate overall health of laboratory animals including complete blood count, serum chemistry, weight, and immunophenotyping, differ with respect to age, development, and environment. This report provides comprehensive clinical and immunological reference ranges for pediatric rhesus macaques over the first year of life. Methods: We collected and analyzed blood samples from 151 healthy rhesus macaques, aged 0-55 weeks, and compared mother-reared infants to two categories of nursery-reared infants; those on an active research protocol and those under derivation for the expanded specific-pathogen-free breeding colony. Hematology was performed on EDTA-anticoagulated blood using a Sysmex XT2000i, and serum clinical chemistry was performed using the Beckman AU480 chemistry analyzer. Immunophenotyping of whole blood was performed with immunofluorescence staining and subsequent flow cytometric analysis on a BD LSRFortessa. Plasma cytokine analysis was performed using a Millipore multiplex Luminex assay. Results: For hematological and chemistry measurements, pediatric reference ranges deviate largely from adults. Comparison of mother-reared and nursery-reared animals revealed that large differences depend on rearing conditions and diet. Significant differences found between two nursery-reared cohorts (research and colony animals) indicate large influences of experimental factors and anesthetic events on these parameters. Immune cells and cytokine responses presented with distinct patterns for infants depending on age, birth location, and rearing conditions. Conclusions: Our results illustrate how the immune system changed over time and that there was variability among pediatric age groups. Reference ranges of results reported here will support interpretations for how infection and treatment may skew common immune correlates used for assessment of pathology or protection in research studies as well as help veterinarians in the clinical care of infant non-human primates. We highlighted Merino et al. Clinical Immunology of Infant Macaques the importance of using age-specific reference comparisons for pediatric studies and reiterated the utility of rhesus macaques as a model for human studies. Given the rapid transformation that occurs in multiple tissue compartments after birth and cumulative exposures to antigens as individuals grow, a better understanding of immunological development and how this relates to timing of infection or vaccination will support optimal experimental designs for developing vaccines and treatment interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Immunological Metrics During Pediatric Rhesus Macaque Development

et al. 2020

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“…The main problem for preterm and term born infants is the limited availability of reference ranges [18]. Obladen et al [19] tried to characterize a hematologic profile for very low birth weight infants (VLBW < 1500 g).…”

Section: Discussion Conclusion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, an interesting extension of the models would be to increase the time intervals for which the models are valid and to incorporate also birth weight, while subcategorizing to a small appropriate size for gestational age (including all low birth weight infants), which is also a factor determining cHb values in neonates [18,25]. Also distinguishing between fetal and adult hemoglobin as well as the measurement of immature platelet fraction parameters would be helpful to better model the postnatal hematological changes.…”

Section: Discussion Conclusion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference Ranges for Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels in Neonates as a Function of Gestational Age (22–42 Weeks) and Postnatal Age (0–29 Days): Mathematical Modeling

et al. 2019

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Hematological values of neonates need to be interpreted taking into account the fact that the reference ranges depend on the age of the neonate. We aimed to derive two general mathematical models for reference ranges for hemoglobin concentration (cHb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels in neonates as a function of gestational age (GA) and postnatal age (PNA), since it is known that GA and PNA are independent factors determining cHb and Hct. For this purpose, cHb and Hct values from the data set of Henry and Christensen (2015, Clin. Perinatol., 42, 483–497) from about 100,000 neonates (GA: 22–42 weeks, PNA: 0–28 days) were used and general models with two quadratic functions were derived. To the best of our knowledge, the models we have developed are the first published ones to provide reference ranges for cHb and Hct for neonates incorporating the parallel dependence on GA and PNA.

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“…Other perinatal factors that may alter neutrophil dynamics include maternal hypertension, maternal fever before delivery, and mode of delivery. 9 , 10 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, neutrophil count patterns may be affected by ethnicity, gender and environmental factors, altitude, maternal hypertension, and maternal fever before delivery. 5 - 10 Hence, routine application of western data to Indian context is questionable. Furthermore, there could be variations within the umbrella term ‘pediatric’ or ‘neonatal’ reference ranges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestation-wise Reference Ranges of Neutrophil Counts in Indian Newborns

Das¹,

Ray²,

Chattopadhyay³

et al. 2019

Oman Med J

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ObjectivesBlood counts are commonly performed tests in neonatal intensive care units with the results having various clinical ramifications. Interpreting blood counts as normal or abnormal requires reference ranges as per gestation. Studies on reference ranges for neonatal neutrophil counts are already scarce, and data is lacking in the Asian context. We sought to formulate gestation-wise reference ranges of neutrophil counts in an Indian setting.MethodsHealthy, newborn babies of either gender, aged between 30 to 41 weeks gestation were included in the study. Gestational age was corroborated through first trimester dating scan and postnatally by the New Ballard Score. Single venous blood samples were drawn on day three and day five for estimation of total leukocyte count, differential count (neutrophils, lymphocytes), and peripheral blood smear examination.ResultsWe evaluated the data of 420 newborns. The normative values were compiled week-wise for gestational ages of 30 to 41 weeks at birth. We observed a clustering of neutrophil count values below 8000 cells/μL on day three and below 5000 cells/μL on day five. No gender-based differences in counts were observed. We were able to generate reference range curves for neutrophil counts as per gestational age.ConclusionsThe absolute neutrophil counts of term and preterm Indian newborns are higher than the values depicted in the standard reference chart used currently. This indicates that a different standard chart as per gestation should be used in Indo-Asian countries to differentiate ‘normal’ from ‘abnormal’.

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Hematological Differences in Newborn and Aging: A Review Study

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Clinical and Immunological Metrics During Pediatric Rhesus Macaque Development

Clinical and Immunological Metrics During Pediatric Rhesus Macaque Development

Reference Ranges for Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels in Neonates as a Function of Gestational Age (22–42 Weeks) and Postnatal Age (0–29 Days): Mathematical Modeling

Gestation-wise Reference Ranges of Neutrophil Counts in Indian Newborns

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