Hemorrhagic Syndrome‐Like Disease in Calves with Bovine Viral Diarrhea and Mucosal Disease Complex

Abstract

This paper identifies a hemorrhagic syndrome-like disease in calves with bovine viral diarrhea and mucosal disease complex in Turkey.

Diagnostic approach of anemia in ruminants

“…Body cavity effusions usually result from hemostatic disorders (Radostits et al, 2006). Internal hemorrhages caused by massive thrombocytopenia have been attributed to Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease (BVD-MD) virus (Dabak et al, 2007). Secondary hemostatic disorders such as rodenticide intoxication are very rarely reported in ruminants.…”

“…However, diagnostic approach should include history and environmental assessment. Demographic data, such as age and breed, the prevalence of the causative agents in each geographic area along with nutrition and breeding conditions including vaccinations and antiparasitic control should be taken into consideration (Deutskens et al, 2011;Dabak et al, 2007;Aslani et al, 2005). Apart from the clinical sus- Lumpy skin disease cattle Tasioudi et al, 2016Katsoulos et al, 2017 * Although the documentation of a cause-effect relationship between infection agent and anemia was not the main objective of all these publications, anemia has been observed in the affected ruminants.…”

Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus infection in newborn calves before colostrum intake

“…The newborn calves included in this study were subjected to the serological tests for the detection of persistent BVDV infection, as recommended by Dabak et al (2007). The PI calves should test negative in the serological tests at birth due to the phenomenon of immunological tolerance (STOKSTAD;LOKEN, 2002;DABAK et al, 2007). The biggest challenge with the results of the SN tests of the calves at birth was the need to differentiate between the seronegative PI animals from those not exposed to the virus during the fetal stages.…”

“…In order to evaluate the possibility of seroconversion in the RT-PCR positive animals that were seronegative, the sequential collection of the blood serum from the calves should have been undertaken; however, this was not possible because of the ingestion of the colostrum containing the specific antibodies against BVDV. The newborn calves included in this study were subjected to the serological tests for the detection of persistent BVDV infection, as recommended by Dabak et al (2007). The PI calves should test negative in the serological tests at birth due to the phenomenon of immunological tolerance (STOKSTAD;LOKEN, 2002;DABAK et al, 2007).…”

“…Infection during the second trimester of pregnancy, between 100 and 150 days, is associated with the changes in fetal organogenesis and teratogenicity. From the third trimester of pregnancy, the virus usually does not cause disease because of the ability of the fetus to develop an immune response and produce BVDV-specific antibodies (GROOMS et al, 2006;DABAK et al, 2007;RIDPATH, 2010).…”