Hepatic fat, not visceral fat, is associated with gallbladder polyps: A study of 2643 healthy subjects

Lim, Seon Hee; Kim, Dong‐Hee; Kang, Joohyun; Song, Ji Hyun; Yang, Sun Young; Yim, Jeong Yoon; Chung, Su Jin; Kim, Joosung; Cho, Sang Heon

doi:10.1111/jgh.12841

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Additionally, BMI was an independent risk factor for cholesterol polyps, which is consistent with previous research [7]. Previous studies have found that the formation of GBP is closely related to the overweight status of patients [18][19][20]. Thus, weight control may help reduce the risk of cholesterol polyp formation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Liver function status has a certain influence on the formation of cholesterol polyps. The specific mechanism of the relationship between the two is unclear, and poor liver function may be related to symptoms of hypermetabolic syndrome, including obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension [18]. Lipid metabolism, together with abnormal liver function, may interact closely and simultaneously contribute to the formation of cholesterol polyps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for cholesterol polyp formation in the gallbladder are closely related to lipid metabolism

Yang

Bai

et al. 2021

Lipids Health Dis

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Background The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors for cholesterol polyp formation in the gallbladder. Methods This was a multicenter retrospective study based on pathology. From January 2016 to December 2019, patients who underwent cholecystectomy and non-polyp participants confirmed by continuous ultrasound follow-ups were reviewed. Patients in the cholesterol polyp group were recruited from three high-volume centers with a diagnosis of pathologically confirmed cholesterol polyps larger than 10 mm. Population characteristics and medical data were collected within 24 h of admission before surgery. The non-polyp group included participants from the hospital physical examination center database. They had at least two ultrasound examinations with an interval longer than 180 days. Data from the final follow-up of the non-polyp group were analyzed. The risk factors for cholesterol polyp formation were analyzed by comparing the two groups. Results A total of 4714 participants were recruited, including 376 cholesterol polyp patients and 4338 non-polyp participants. In univariate analysis, clinical risk factors for cholesterol polyps were age, male sex, higher body mass index (BMI), higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL), lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. In multivariate logistic analysis, independent risk factors were age > 50 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.33–3.91, P < 0.001], LDL > 2.89 mmol/L (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.08–1.78, P = 0.011), lower HDL (OR = 1.78 95% CI 1.32–2.44, P < 0.001), AST > 40 IU/L (OR = 3.55, 95% CI 2.07–6.07, P < 0.001), and BMI > 25 kg/m 2 (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.01–1.72, P = 0.037). Conclusions Age, LDL, HDL, AST, and BMI are strong risk factors for cholesterol polyp formation. Older overweight patients with polyps, accompanied by abnormal lipid levels, are at high risk for cholesterol polyps.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for cholesterol polyp formation in the gallbladder are closely related to lipid metabolism

Yang

Bai

et al. 2021

Lipids Health Dis

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“…The speci c mechanism of the relationship between liver function status and cholesterol polyps is unclear, and the poor liver function may be related to hypermetabolic syndrome, including obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. [18] Lipid metabolism, together with abnormal liver function, may interacts closely and simultaneously contribute to the formation of cholesterol polyps. The mechanisms need to be further discussed in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7] Previous studies found that the formation of GBP was closely related to overweight status of patients. [18][19][20] Thus, weight control may help reduce the risk of cholesterol polyps formation. We suspect that both liver function metabolism and BMI may be related to abnormal lipid metabolism, which, of course, need further studies to con rm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Cholesterol Polyp Formation In The Gallbladder - Closely Related to Lipid Metabolism

Chao

Bai

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors for cholesterol polyp formation in the gallbladder. Method This was a multicenter retrospective study based on pathology. From January 2016 to December 2019, patients receiving cholecystectomy and non-polyp participants confirmed by continuous ultrasound follow-ups were reviewed. Patients in the cholesterol polyp group were recruited from three high-volume centers with diagnosis of pathologically confirmed cholesterol polyps larger than 10mm. Population characteristics and medical data were collected within 24 hours of admission before surgery. The non-polyp group included participants from hospital physical examination center database. They had at least two ultrasound examinations with the interval longer than 180 days. Data from the final follow-up of the non-polyp group were analyzed. The risk factors for cholesterol polyp formation were analyzed by comparing the two groups. Results A total of 4 714 participants were recruited, including 376 cholesterol polyp patients and 4 338 non-polyp participants. In univariate analysis, clinical risk factors for cholesterol polyp were age, male gender, higher body mass index (BMI), higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL), lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL), higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In multivariate logistic analysis, independent risk factors were age>50 years (OR=3.41, 95% CI 2.61-4.47, p<0.001), LDL>2.89mmol/L (OR=1.45, 95% CI 1.13-1.87, p=0.003), AST>40IU/L (OR=3.58, 95% CI 2.03-6.31, p<0.001) and BMI>25kg/m² (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.23-2.13, p<0.001). Conclusion Age, LDL, AST and BMI are strong risk factors for cholesterol polyp formation. Older overweight patients with polyps, accompanied by abnormal lipid levels, are at high risk of cholesterol polyps.

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“…There are conflicting results about the relationship between GBP and obesity; some studies found that increasing BMI or obesity status is associated with GBP, while Cantürk et al Conducted a study on 432 patients and found that patients with GBP were not severely obese(BMI > 30) [ 8 , 20 , 21 ]. However, it seems that most studies agree with the formation of GBP being associated with fat metabolism [ 21 – 23 ]. In this study, in univariate analysis, no strong and direct association was found between BMI and GBP ( P = 0.10); however, based on pathway analysis, high BMI is one of the important predictors which contribute to GBP through increasing the TG level pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic status and lifestyle factors associated with gallbladder polyps: a covariance structure analysis

Leng

Zhao

et al. 2018

BMC Gastroenterol

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BackgroundGallbladder Polyps (GBP) are highly prevalent in China; however, the etiology of GBP has not been clearly defined. This study explored the associations between lifestyle factors and GBP and whether it mediated by metabolic factors or not.MethodsA total of 487 newly diagnosed GBP cases and 502 healthy controls were involved in this study. A questionnaire was used to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors. Food Intake Frequencies Questionnaire was used to obtain the food intake frequencies of seven food categories. Blood was tested for lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose and blood urine acid. A Covariance Structure Analysis was used in the analysis to explore the possible pathways between socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, metabolic factor and GBP.ResultsThe Covariance Structure Analysis showed that a higher BMI and elevated triglyceride level mediated the association between age and GBP. Lifestyle factors (smoking and drinking) and higher intake frequencies of fatty food (meat and viscera) also linked to higher BMI and higher triglyceride level, respectively, which were associated with GBP.ConclusionIn conclusion, age and lifestyle factors might be indirectly related with GBP through BMI and the triglyceride pathway.

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Hepatic fat, not visceral fat, is associated with gallbladder polyps: A study of 2643 healthy subjects

Abstract: Fatty liver, an ectopic regional fat deposit, was found to be closely associated with GBPs independent of known metabolic risk factors, insulin resistance, and CT-measured VAT, confirming a relevant clinical relationship between the two diseases.

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Risk factors for cholesterol polyp formation in the gallbladder are closely related to lipid metabolism

Risk factors for cholesterol polyp formation in the gallbladder are closely related to lipid metabolism

Risk Factors for Cholesterol Polyp Formation In The Gallbladder - Closely Related to Lipid Metabolism

Metabolic status and lifestyle factors associated with gallbladder polyps: a covariance structure analysis

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