Metabolic status and lifestyle factors associated with gallbladder polyps: a covariance structure analysis

Abstract

BackgroundGallbladder Polyps (GBP) are highly prevalent in China; however, the etiology of GBP has not been clearly defined. This study explored the associations between lifestyle factors and GBP and whether it mediated by metabolic factors or not.MethodsA total of 487 newly diagnosed GBP cases and 502 healthy controls were involved in this study. A questionnaire was used to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors. Food Intake Frequencies Questionnaire was used to obtain the food intake frequencies of seven food categories. Blood was tested for lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose and blood urine acid. A Covariance Structure Analysis was used in the analysis to explore the possible pathways between socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, metabolic factor and GBP.ResultsThe Covariance Structure Analysis showed that a higher BMI and elevated triglyceride level mediated the association between age and GBP. Lifestyle factors (smoking and drinking) and higher intake frequencies of fatty food (meat and viscera) also linked to higher BMI and higher triglyceride level, respectively, which were associated with GBP.ConclusionIn conclusion, age and lifestyle factors might be indirectly related with GBP through BMI and the triglyceride pathway.

The risk of coronary heart disease after diagnosis of gallbladder polyp: a retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study

“…The prevalence of GPs for Chinese is approximately 6.9-9.5%, which is greater than that for Danish and Japanese populations (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The pathophysiological mechanisms for gallbladder stones and GPs are different.…”

“…Most GPs are clinically diagnosed based on ultrasonography and only few undergo surgery to have histopathological confirmation. Most studies of GPs have focused on the prevalence or the associated risk factors; nevertheless, the clinicians are mainly concerned about the indication for surgery although the malignant potential of GP is quite low (4)(5)(6).…”

“…In the contrast, GPs are generally suggested to be related to sex (male), glucose intolerance, obesity, or metabolic syndrome. Moreover, it remains debated about the role of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as the risk factor for GPs (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). The variation of race, diet, and environmental characteristics may contribute to the inconsistent conclusions about the risk factors for GPs.…”

Association between the non-HDL-cholesterol-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio and the risk of gallbladder polyp formation among men: a retrospective cohort study

“…Thus, it is necessary to identify the possible risk factors related to GBPs. Previous studies have suggested some factors related to GBPs, including male sex, middle age, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity, cholecystitis, and glucose intolerance [3,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Gallbladder Polyps With Metabolic Comorbidities Increase the Risk of Ischaemic Heart Disease in Korean Adults

“…USG is a noninvasive tool with greater than 90% sensitivity and speci city for diagnosing GB polyps [6]. The prevalence of GB polyps in Korea is estimated at 2.2 %-8.5 %, which is higher than that for Western countries but lower than the prevalence in China [7][8][9]. Although, most GB polyps are cholesterol polyps and benign lesions, the presence of GB polyps is used for the early detection of malignancy and to determine the appropriate time to undergo GB resection surgery [10].…”