The risk of coronary heart disease after diagnosis of gallbladder polyp: a retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study

Abstract

Background: To assess the subsequent risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) after the diagnosis of gallbladder polyp (GP).Methods: We identified 2,815 GP patients aged ≥20 years from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database between 2000 and 2011 and followed up the patients until the occurrence of CHD or the end of 2011, the patient would be censored in the occurrence of death, missed information, or withdrawal from the NHI. We selected 11,260 non-GP subjects by 4:1 randomly matching with the case cohort according to age, sex, and index date of GP diagnosis.Results: GP cohort had greater risk of CHD than the control cohort [11.1 vs. 8.07 per 1,000 person-y, adjusted HR (aHR) of 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.53] after adjusting age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, gallstone, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and arrhythmia. The risk of CHD was significantly higher in the non-cholecystectomy cohort of GP patients than that in the non-GP cohort (10.9 vs. 8.07 per 1,000 person-y; aHR =1.28; 95% CI, 1.06-1.55). However, the risk of CHD contributed by GP was not significant after cholecystectomy (12.3 vs. 8.07 per 1,000 person-y; aHR =1.24; 95% CI, 0.83-1.85). Compared with the non-GP cohort without hypertension, the risk of CHD increased for GP cohort without (aHR =1.48; 95% CI, 1.18-1.87) or with hypertension (aHR =3.00; 95% CI, 2.30-3.92). Compared with the non-GP cohort without diabetes, the risk of CHD increased for GP cohort without diabetes (aHR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.21-1.76) or with diabetes (aHR =2.07; 95% CI, 1.35-3.18). Compared with the non-GP cohort without hyperlipidemia, the risk of CHD increased for GP cohort without (aHR =1.37; 95% CI, 1.10-1.70) or with hyperlipidemia (aHR =2.63; 95% CI, 2.01-3.44). Compared with the non-GP cohort without arrhythmia, the risk of CHD for GP patients increased without (aHR =1.40; 95% CI, 1.17-1.69) or with arrhythmia (aHR =2.88; 95% CI, 1.82-4.57).Conclusions: GP is associated with increased risk of developing CHD, and the risk increases with the presence of coexisting hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or arrhythmia.

Male gender and obesity are risk factors of gallbladder polyps in a large northwest Chinese population

“…On the other hand, it may be due to cholesterol deposition in the blood, similar to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque [26]. GBP has been con rmed to be associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease [24]. In the present study, however, we found no association between lipid level, FBG, blood pressure and the risk of GBP by multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis.…”

“…Gallbladder mucosa esteri es sterols, absorbs lipids, and synthesizes triglycerides and cholesterol to form cholesterol crystals [24,25]. On the other hand, it may be due to cholesterol deposition in the blood, similar to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque [26].…”

Gallbladder Polyps With Metabolic Comorbidities Increase the Risk of Ischaemic Heart Disease in Korean Adults

“…We found that the presence of GB polyps alone was associated with a 42.5 % increase in the risk of developing IHD compared with a non-polyp control group. To our knowledge, only one other report has described a relationship between GB polyps and CVD [12]. However, in this latter study, the authors did not fully assess IHD-related risk factors to su ciently show a causal relationship between GB polyps and IHD.…”

“…Previous studies suggested that the presence of GB polyps is closely associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [11,12]. Hence, GB polyps and IHD may share common risk factors; however, few studies have explored the relationship between these two conditions [13].…”

Gallbladder polyps: modern approaches to diagnostics and treatment

“…(2019 г.) оценили риск развития ишемической болезни сердца (иБс) после постановки диагноза полипов Жп в общенациональном популяционном 11-летнем когортном исследовании 2815 пациентов с полипами Жп и 11 260 лиц без полипов, сопоставимых по полу и возрасту [36]. в когорте пациентов с полипами Жп определен более высокий риск развития иБс, чем у контрольной когорты (11,1 случая против 8,07 случая на 1 тыс.…”