Hepatic retinopathy: morphological features of retinal glial (M�ller) cells accompanying hepatic failure

Reichenbach, A.; Fuchs, U; Kasper, Markus; El-Hifnawi, E.; Eckstein, A.-K.

doi:10.1007/s004010050330

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Morphologically, these Müller cells differ from control cells by larger somata and endfeet and by a loss of fine side branches, similar to what had been observed in cells from patients with liver diseases [40]. As Müller cells play a wealth of crucial roles in retinal functioning [32], it has been suggested that these glial alterations should cause significant impairments of neuronal functions [6,14,40,47].…”

Section: Labeling Of Retinal Ganglion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…It has been pointed out that only astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and Müller cells possess the enzyme, GS, involved in energy-consuming detoxification of ammonia, and thus are the primary targets of the disorder [2,6,33,40,41]. In the present study, very high levels of ammonia (7 mM) were applied for prolonged periods.…”

Section: Exposure To Elevated Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thus, hepatic retinopathy clearly deserves to be studied in more detail, despite the fact that the most deleterious symptoms in later stages are due to alterations in brain rather than in retina. In particular, animal models [1] and culture models [6,40] may be useful for the development of new pathogenetic insights and possible novel therapeutic approaches. Here we present more detailed information about the organ culture system [6] as a model of hepatic retinopathy.…”

Section: Labeling Of Retinal Ganglion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This syndrome is morphologically manifested by the appearance of so-called Alzheimer-type II astrocytes which are large and pale cells with enlarged, lobulated nuclei and prominent nucleoli, and intranuclear glycogen deposits [26,34]. Very similar changes of Müller cells-the main macroglial element in the retina-have been described in retinae from patients with liver diseases [40], in a rat model of liver insufficiency [1], and in cultured mammalian retinae [6] and Müller cells [41] after exposure to ammonia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The term "hepatic retinopathy" was introduced some years ago [14,25,40] to define retinal alterations in patients with liver insufficiencies similar to those occurring in brain, where they are collectively named "hepatic encephalopathy" [2,8,23,26,34,35]. This syndrome is morphologically manifested by the appearance of so-called Alzheimer-type II astrocytes which are large and pale cells with enlarged, lobulated nuclei and prominent nucleoli, and intranuclear glycogen deposits [26,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rabbit retinal organ culture as an in-vitro model of hepatic retinopathy

Kuhrt

Walski

Reichenbach

et al. 2004

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Section: Labeling Of Retinal Ganglion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Exposure To Elevated Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Labeling Of Retinal Ganglion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Rabbit retinal organ culture as an in-vitro model of hepatic retinopathy

Kuhrt

Walski

Reichenbach

et al. 2004

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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High prevalence of sleep disturbance in cirrhosis

et al. 1998

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Sleep disturbance is a classic sign of hepatic encephalopathy. However, there are limited data regarding its prevalence in cirrhotic patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy. We assessed the characteristics of sleep in cirrhosis using a sleep questionnaire (n ‫؍‬ 44) and actigraphy (n ‫؍‬ 20). The results were compared with those of subjects with chronic renal failure and those of healthy controls. Presence of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy, chronotypology profile, and individual's affective state were also analyzed. The questionnaire indicated an elevated number of cirrhotic patients (47.7%) and patients with chronic renal failure (38.6%) who complained of unsatisfactory sleep compared with healthy controls (4.5%, P F .01). Actigraphy corroborated the deterioration of sleep parameters in cirrhotic patients with unsatisfactory sleep. The sleep disturbance in cirrhosis was not associated with clinical parameters nor with cognitive impairment. Cirrhotic subjects and patients with chronic renal failure with unsatisfactory sleep showed higher scores for depression and anxiety, raising the possibility that the effects of chronic disease may underlie the pathogenesis of sleep disturbance. However, in contrast to chronic renal failure, unsatisfactory sleep in cirrhosis was associated with delayed bedtime, delayed wake-up time, and evening chronotypology. In conclusion, a sleep disturbance is frequent in cirrhotic patients without hepatic encephalopathy and may be related to abnormalities of the circadian timekeeping system. (HEPATOLOGY 1998;27:339-345.)A disturbance of sleep is recognized as one of the early signs of hepatic encephalopathy. 1 However, there are limited data regarding its prevalence in patients with cirrhosis without signs of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Results from a quality of life questionnaire indicated that disturbance in sleep was significantly higher in nonalcoholic cirrhotic patients compared with subjects with another chronic illness, such as Crohn' s disease. 2 In this survey and subsequent data, 3 up to 35% of cirrhotic individuals had difficulties in the area of sleep and rest.The mechanisms responsible for these findings are poorly understood. One possibility is that abnormalities in circadian function may underlie its pathogenesis. The sleep-wake cycle is one of the functions regulated by the circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus, 4 which has efferent connections that influence a large array of biological functions including the secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that rats subjected to a portacaval anastomosis experience an alteration in the rhythm of circadian locomotor activity as well as the rhythm of pineal melatonin content. 5 In patients with cirrhosis, the diurnal plasma melatonin profile showed a significant delay in the onset of plasma melatonin increase and in its peak nocturnal level. 6 This displacement of the melatonin profile could be a reflection of an alteration in the ...

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