Hepatitis A outbreak associated with consumption of dates, England and Wales, January 2021 to April 2021

Vilaplana, Tatiana Garcia; Leeman, David; Balogun, Koye; Ngui, Siew Lin; Phipps, Emily; Khan, Wazirzada M; Team, Incident; Balasegaram, Sooria

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.20.2100432

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Person-to-person infections are responsible for the majority of outbreaks in developed countries, whereas foodborne infections generally lead to sporadic cases. However, several fairly recent outbreaks in developed countries have been linked to contaminated food [34,35]. Seafood represents one of the main source of infection [36,37], but more and more outbreaks now involve imported frozen food, such as frozen berries and vegetables, and ready-to-eat foods [38].…”

Section: Transmission Routes Of Hepatitis a Virus And Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, High-Risk Groups, Prevention and Research on Antiviral Treatment

Migueres

Lhomme

Izopet

2021

Viruses

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The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a leading cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. It is transmitted mainly by direct contact with patients who have been infected or by ingesting contaminated water or food. The virus is endemic in low-income countries where sanitary and sociodemographic conditions are poor. Paradoxically, improving sanitary conditions in these countries, which reduces the incidence of HAV infections, can lead to more severe disease in susceptible adults. The populations of developed countries are highly susceptible to HAV, and large outbreaks can occur when the virus is spread by globalization and by increased travel and movement of foodstuffs. Most of these outbreaks occur among high-risk groups: travellers, men who have sex with men, people who use substances, and people facing homelessness. Hepatitis A infections can be prevented by vaccination; safe and effective vaccines have been available for decades. Several countries have successfully introduced universal mass vaccination for children, but high-risk groups in high-income countries remain insufficiently protected. The development of HAV antivirals may be important to control HAV outbreaks in developed countries where a universal vaccination programme is not recommended.

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Section: Transmission Routes Of Hepatitis a Virus And Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, High-Risk Groups, Prevention and Research on Antiviral Treatment

Migueres

Lhomme

Izopet

2021

Viruses

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“…These four cases were residents of other regions (South East and West Midlands) and known to be linked to consumption of date fruits. Contamination of date fruits is known to be associated with outbreaks of HAV [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of hepatitis A virus infection in a secondary school in England with no undetected asymptomatic transmission among students

Wensley¹,

Smout²,

Ngui³

et al. 2022

Epidemiol. Infect.

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In June 2019 the Health Protection Team in Yorkshire and Humber, England, was notified of cases of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in staff at a secondary school. Investigation revealed that an earlier case worked as a food handler in the school kitchen. Indirect transmission through food from the canteen was considered the most likely route of transmission. Cases were described according to setting of exposure. Oral fluid was obtained from students for serological testing. Environmental investigations were undertaken at settings where food handling was considered a potential transmission risk. Thirty-three confirmed cases were linked to the outbreak. All of those tested (n=31) shared the same sequence with a HAV IB genotype. The first three cases were a household cluster and included the index case for the school. A further 19 cases (16 students, 3 staff) were associated with the school and consistent with indirect exposure to the food handler. One late onset case could not be ruled out as a secondary case within the school and resulted in vaccination of the school population. Five cases were linked to a bakery where a case from the initial household cluster worked as a food server. No concerns about hygiene standards were noted at either the school or the bakery.Oral fluid samples taken at the time of vaccination from asymptomatic students (n=219, 11-16 yearsold) showed no evidence of recent or current infection. This outbreak included household and foodborne transmission but limited (and possibly zero) person-to-person transmission among secondary school students. Where adequate hygiene exists, secondary transmission within older students may not occur.

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“…InNiedriginzidenzländerneinschließlich Deutschland werden zunehmend Ausbrüche durch mit HAV kontaminierte Lebensmittel festgestellt. Häufig handelt es sich bei den Vehikeln um Datteln oder gefrorene Früchte, insbesondere Beeren, die aus Endemiegebieten importiert wurden und daraus hergestellte Produkte wie Smoothies, Kuchen/ Torten oder Desserts [12][13][14].…”

Section: Hepatitis Aunclassified

“…Dabei war die Inzidenz der akuten Fälle im Vergleich zu chronischen Fällen und Fällen mit unbekanntem Infektionsstadium eher gering und relativ stabil über die Zeit. Die Inzidenz bei Männern (9,6) war höher als bei Frauen (6,5) und die Altersgruppe 25-49 Jahre (13,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)4) war am häufigsten betroffen. Die Inzidenz im Kindesalter (< 15 Jahre) war mit 0,3-0,5 pro 100.000 Einw.…”

Section: Hepatitis a • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • Hepatitis D • Hepa...unclassified

Epidemiologie der Virushepatitiden A bis E in Deutschland

Dudareva

Faber

Zimmermann

et al. 2022

Bundesgesundheitsbl

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ZusammenfassungMit Virushepatitis A bis E werden verschiedene infektiöse Entzündungen des Leberparenchyms bezeichnet, die durch die Hepatitisviren A bis E (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV und HEV) ausgelöst werden. Zwar ähneln sich die Krankheitsbilder, die Erreger gehören jedoch zu verschiedenen Virusfamilien und unterscheiden sich bezüglich der Pathogenese, der Übertragungswege, des klinischen Verlaufs und der Präventions- und Therapiemöglichkeiten. In Deutschland besteht eine namentliche Meldepflicht nach Infektionsschutzgesetz (IfSG) für den direkten oder indirekten Nachweis und für Verdacht, Erkrankung und Tod. Die Daten werden an das Robert Koch-Institut übermittelt.In diesem Beitrag wird die Epidemiologie der Hepatitiden A bis E anhand publizierter Studien und Meldedaten beschrieben und es werden aktuelle Herausforderungen und Präventionsansätze aufgezeigt. Letztere bestehen insbesondere in der verbesserten Umsetzung bereits bestehender Impfempfehlungen (Hepatitis A und B), dem verbesserten Zugang zu Prävention, Testung und Versorgung, einschließlich Therapie mit antiviralen Medikamenten (Hepatitis B, C und D), und der Erkennung und Verhinderung lebensmittelbedingter Infektionen und Ausbrüche und Verbesserungen auf dem Gebiet der Lebensmittelsicherheit (Hepatitis A und E).

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Hepatitis A outbreak associated with consumption of dates, England and Wales, January 2021 to April 2021

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, High-Risk Groups, Prevention and Research on Antiviral Treatment

Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, High-Risk Groups, Prevention and Research on Antiviral Treatment

An outbreak of hepatitis A virus infection in a secondary school in England with no undetected asymptomatic transmission among students

Epidemiologie der Virushepatitiden A bis E in Deutschland

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