Hepatitis B Virus Exposure During Childhood in Cameroon, Central African Republic and Senegal After the Integration of HBV Vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization

Rey-Cuillé, Marie-Anne; Njouom, Richard; Bekondi, Claudine; Seck, Abdoulaye; Gody, Chrysostome; Bata, Petulla; Garin, Benoît; Maylin, Sarah; Chartier, Loïc; Simon, François; Vray, Muriel

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e31829be401

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Anti-HBc positivity, usually indicative of HBV exposure, may also be attributed to passive transfer of maternal antibodies still detectable at this age. For instance, in African children aged 3 months to 6 years, the seroprevalence of anti-HBc was 44.4% during the first 6 months of age and still 18.8% at 12 months [7, 18]. Importantly, the low HBsAg prevalence in the infants in our study may be seen as a positive impact of the vaccination policy implemented in the districts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Hepatitis B virus in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: a cross sectional serosurvey in different cohorts

Black

Nouanthong²,

Nanthavong

et al. 2014

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundDespite hepatitis B vaccination at birth and at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be endemic in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). We carried out a cross-sectional serological study in infants, pre-school children, school pupils and pregnant women to determine their burden of disease, risk of infection and vaccination status.MethodsA total of 2471 participants between 9 months and 46 years old were recruited from urban (Vientiane Capital, Luang Prabang), semi-urban (Boulhikhamxai and Savannakhet) and remote rural areas (Huaphan). All sera were tested for anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Sera testing positive for anti-HBc alone were further tested for the presence of HBsAg.ResultsA low prevalence of HBsAg (0.5%) was detected among infants from Vientiane and Luang Prabang, indicating some success of the vaccination policy. However, only 65.6% had protective anti-HBs antibodies, suggesting that vaccination coverage or responses remain sub-optimal, even in these urban populations.In pre-school children from remote areas in Huaphan, 21.2% were positive for anti-HBc antibodies, and 4.6% were for HBsAg positive, showing that a significant proportion of children in these rural regions have early exposure to HBV. In pre-school children with 3 documented HBV vaccinations, only 17.0% (15/55) were serologically protected.Among school-children from semi-urban regions of Luang Prabang, Boulhikhamxai and Savannakhet provinces, those below the age of 9 who were born after HBV vaccine introduction had anti-HBc and HBsAg prevalence of 11.7% and 4.1%, respectively. The prevalence increased to 19.4% and 7.8% of 10–14 year olds and to 27% and 10.2% of 15–19 year olds.Pregnant women from Luang Prabang and Vientiane had very high anti-HBc and HBsAg prevalence (49.5% and 8.2%), indicating high exposure and risk of onward vertical transmission to the unborn infant.ConclusionsOverall, the results demonstrate a dramatic deficiency in vaccination coverage and vaccine responses and/or documentation within the regions of Lao PDR studied, which included urbanized areas with better health care access. Timely and effective hepatitis B vaccination coverage is needed in Lao PDR.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-457) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Hepatitis B virus in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: a cross sectional serosurvey in different cohorts

Black

Nouanthong²,

Nanthavong

et al. 2014

BMC Infect Dis

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“…The overall prevalence of HBsAg in this study was 13.01%. It fell within the wide range of prevalence rates recorded in a literature review of various studies conducted in Cameroon on target populations and ethnic groups between 1985 and 2014, with values ranging from 0.7% in a study conducted in 2013 by Rey Cuille et al, [6] within a population of primary school children in 2013, to 25.3% in a study conducted in northern Cameroon by Garrigue et al, in 1985 [7]. A study conducted on blood donors at the University of Douala in 2009 by Mogtomo et al, found a HBsAg carrier prevalence ranging between 6.1 and 16% [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Prevalence of HBs Antigen, and HCV and HIV Antibodies in a Young Male Population in Cameroon

Noah¹,

Andoulo²,

Essoh³

et al. 2015

OJGas

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Introduction: According to WHO estimates, 57% of cases of liver cirrhosis and 78% of primary liver carcinoma are caused by a hepatitis B or C virus. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of these diseases and HIV among a young male population, according to region. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from 17 February to 31 March 2014 in the ten administrative regions of Cameroon. The study included male subjects of Cameroonian nationality aged at least 18 and at most 23, and living in the regions concerned. It excluded subjects that did not match the age, gender, and nationality criteria. For each subject, 10 ml of blood was collected in a dry tube. After centrifugation at 3000 RPM for 5 minutes, the serum was collected for the detection of viral infections. For subjects that tested positive, a confirmatory test was conducted. Results: In total, 4367 subjects were selected, with an average age of 20.46 (+/− 1.17) years. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus stood at 13.01% (with 95% CI: 12.03% -14.05%). That of viral hepatitis C was 0.30% (95% CI: 0.17% -0.52%). Co-infection with hepatitis B and C viruses was 0.05% (95% CI: 0.01% -0.18%). The prevalence of HIV infection was 1.01% (95% CI: 0.74% -1.36%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of HBsAg in the population of young males is high. It tallies with the early vertical and horizontal modes of transmission that prevail in our environment.

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“…In the other hand, data on HBsAg carriage in children are still limited [Sall Diallo et al, ]. In this study, a global prevalence of 3% was found in children that could be linked to the impact of HBV vaccination through the EPI [Rey‐Cuille et al, ]. Furthermore, no case of HIV/HBV co‐infection was found in children, probably related to the low HIV prevalence in the general population and in pregnant women [CNLS, ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Despite WHO recommendations, HBV vaccination at birth is not systematic, even in a case of pregnant women with HBsAg positive. Recent findings showed a low prevalence of HBsAg carriage in children in the country, due to immunization [Rey‐Cuille et al, ], whereas a low immune response in vaccinated ones was found in Dakar, the capital city [Rey‐Cuille et al, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HBV carriage in children born from HIV‐seropositive mothers in Senegal: The need of birth‐dose HBV vaccination

Gueye

Diop-Ndiaye

Lô

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hepatitis B is a major public health problem in Senegal, a country with high prevalence and a transmission occurring mainly during infancy. Only, one 6-8 weeks vaccination campaign was initiated in 2005 and it was part of the expanded program of immunization. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBsAg in children born from HIV-seropositive mothers by using dried blood specimens. Specimens were collected between July 2007 and November 2012 from children aged 2-48 weeks in Dakar and decentralized sites working on HIV mother-to-child transmission prevention. HBsAg detection was performed using Architect HBsAg Qualitative II kit (Abbott Diagnostics, Ireland) and for all reactive samples confirmation was done using Architect HBsAg Qualitative II Confirmatory kit (Abbott Diagnostics, Ireland). Nine hundred thirty samples were collected throughout the country with 66% out of Dakar, the capital city. The median age was 20 weeks and 88% of children were less than 1 year of age with a sex ratio of 1.27 in favor of boys. HBsAg was detected in 28 cases giving a global prevalence of 3%. According to age, HBsAg prevalences were 5.1% for children less than 6 weeks, 4.1% and 4.6%, respectively, for those aged 12-18 weeks and 18-24 weeks of age. The HIV prevalence was 2.6% with no HIV/HBV co-infection. This study showed a high rate of HBV infection in children under 24 months, highlighting the need to promote birth-dose HBV vaccination as recommended by WHO.

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Hepatitis B Virus Exposure During Childhood in Cameroon, Central African Republic and Senegal After the Integration of HBV Vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Hepatitis B virus in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: a cross sectional serosurvey in different cohorts

Hepatitis B virus in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: a cross sectional serosurvey in different cohorts

Prevalence of HBs Antigen, and HCV and HIV Antibodies in a Young Male Population in Cameroon

HBV carriage in children born from HIV‐seropositive mothers in Senegal: The need of birth‐dose HBV vaccination

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