Hepatoprotective activity of Tribulus terrestris extract against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in a freshwater fish (Oreochromis mossambicus)

Abstract

The potential protective role of Tribulus terrestris in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus was investigated. The effect of oral exposure of acetaminophen (500 mg/kg) in O. mossambicus at 24-h duration was evaluated. The plant extract (250 mg/kg) showed a remarkable hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. It was judged from the tissue-damaging level and antioxidant levels in liver, gill, muscle and kidney tissues. Further acetaminophen impact induced a significant rise in the tissue-damaging level, and the antioxidant level was discernible from the enzyme activity modulations such as glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamate pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, lipid peroxidase and reduced glutathione. The levels of all these enzymes have significantly (p < 0.05) increased in acetaminophen-treated fish tissues. The elevated levels of these enzymes were significantly controlled by the treatment of T. terrestris extract (250 kg/mg). Histopathological changes of liver, gill and muscle samples were compared with respective controls. The results of the present study specify the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of T. terrestris against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in freshwater fish, O. mossambicus.

Evaluation of ecotoxicological effects of drugs on Daphnia magna using different enzymatic biomarkers

“…Ramos et al (2014) observed that the fish species Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to this compound showed a significant increase in both forms of glutathione peroxidase for acute tests at concentrations 5 orders of magnitude above (0.05, 0.5 and 5 mg L À 1 ) those used in the present study. Kavitha et al (2011) described noteworthy increases of GPx activities in the fish Oreochromis mossambicus after acute exposure to paracetamol, A marked increase in GPx activity was also observed in specimens of Cyprinus carpio after exposure to paracetamol (Nava-Álvarez et al, 2014). Similarly, increases in GPx activity have been described by Parolini et al (2010) after acutely exposing zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) to acetaminophen, but also in other antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and GSTs).…”

“…1B). GPx enzymes belong to the glutathione (GSH) family, whose role is the removal of free radical species (such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals), and are also involved in the protection of membrane proteic thiols (Kavitha et al, 2011). The decrease in GPx activity in our study may indicate that its antioxidant capacity was surpassed by the amount of hydroperoxide products of lipid peroxidation, a hypothesis already raised by Monteiro et al (2006), or as a consequence of direct inactivation of the enzyme caused by reactive metabolites of paracetamol.…”

Anti-hyperglycaemic Activity of <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> L Aerial Part Extract in Glucose-loaded Normal Rabbits

“…Several pharmacological studies have revealed its cardioprotective [6], hepatoprotective [7]; antitumor [8], and anti-proliferative activity on mouse carcinoma [9 16] and breast cancer [10]. T. terrestris extracts also induce cell growth arrest and apoptosis by down-regulating NF-κB signaling in liver cancer cells, and exhibits weak cytotoxic effects to normal cells compared to cancer cells [11].…”

Tribulus Terrestris: An Ayurvedic Herb With Phytochemical Booster

“…This extract of T. terrestris normalized the reduced level of glutathione enzyme for this induced toxicity. [24] The ethanolic extract from the T. terrestris was extracted from the aerial part and was examined for hepatoprotective activity against mercury induced hepatotoxicities in mice or rat. It was noted that on treating with mercury the levels of Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Bilirubin were increased while that of Glutathione (GSH) content was decreased.…”