Heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide residues on fall-treated alfalfa and in milk and cow tissues

Waldron, Acie C.; Kaeser, H.E.; Goleman, Denzil Lyle; Staubus, J. R.; Niemczyk, H. D.

doi:10.1021/jf60158a027

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The data in Table 2 is not included in the graphic representations of Figures 1-6. Previous studies (Waldron et at, 1968;Cummings et al, 1967) have shown that the elimination of pesticide residues from animal and poultry bodies generally follows a half-life function with a rapid disappearance of organochlorine residues from tissues in the first few days or weeks following withdrawal of contaminated feed and a gradual leveling of the curve over an extended period of time. Because no data was obtained until 8 weeks following the return to the basal diet, a disappearance curve depiction is impractical.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Importance of Feed as an Unavoidable Source of Pesticide Contamination in Poultry Meat and Eggs

Waldron¹,

Naber²

1974

Poultry Science

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DDT and metabolites, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, and lindane pesticide residues accumulated in the body tissues and the eggs of laying hens in direct proportion to the concentration of the pesticide or its parent compound in feeds. Methoxychlor residues did not accumulate at any of the concentration levels used in the study. Plateaus of residue accumulation occurred independently for each pesticide concentration after 6 to 12 weeks of feeding at which time, as long as the concentration in the feed remained constant, the apparent elimination or metabolism of the pesticide residue balanced the intake. The concentration of residues in eggs at the plateau was directly proportional to and dependent on the concentration in the feed. The same direct relationship existed between the concentration of pesticide residue in the feed and the residue in the body tissues. The significance of pesticide contamination in eggs resulting from feeding levels of 0.1 p.p.m. and less is highly questionable because concentrations in eggs were generally below 10 p.p.b. and very seldom exceeded 50 p.p.b. Although higher concentrations of pesticide residues were found in the body fat at the 0.1 p.p.m. level, the transfer of residue to the egg did not appear to be important. ABSTRACTThe effect of three lighting regimes on broiler performance was determined. An environmentally controlled poultry house with 12 light controlled chambers was utilized and chicks received A) continuous illumination, B) illumination for 12 hours followed by 15 minutes of illumination each 2 hours or C) 15 minutes illumination each 2 hours. Two trials

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Importance of Feed as an Unavoidable Source of Pesticide Contamination in Poultry Meat and Eggs

Waldron¹,

Naber²

1974

Poultry Science

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“…Pesticide residues found on the leaves of corn plants grown within the treated area are presented in Table I. The total pesticide concentration reached a maximum of over 1.8 ppm on the lower leaves by the October harvest time, a level that is unacceptable in dairy cattle fodder (Waldron et al, 1968). The increasing pesticide burden was due primarily to steadily increasing dieldrin concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With crops used for dairy cattle feed, even extremely small accumulations of certain pesticides on the plants will result in measurable residues in the milk. For example, cows feeding for 30 days on alfalfa hay containing less than 0.04 ppm heptachlor residues produced milk containing 0.013 ppm heptachlor epoxide (Waldron et al, 1968). Dieldrin levels in a forage crop as low as 0.02 ppm led to unacceptable contamination of milk (Harris and Sans, 1969).…”

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confidence: 99%

Accumulation of dieldrin and heptachlor on corn leaves in and around a treated field

Joseph¹

1971

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Extraction procedures for the feed ingredient samples followed in general the principles published in the literature for extraction of organochlorine insecticides (Mills etal., 1963;Minyard and Jackson, 1963;Cummings et al, 1967;Waldron et al, 1968;and Waldron and Goleman, 1969) but with modifications adaptable to the techniques of this laboratory. Additional modifications in procedures, solvent systems, elution techniques, gas chromatographic operation, etc.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Feed as an Unavoidable Source of Pesticide Contamination in Poultry Meat and Eggs

Waldron

Naber

1974

Poultry Science

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General and broad occurrences of minute organochlorine pesticide residues were indicated in feedstuffs used in poultry feeds in the United States. Corn, soybean meal, alfalfa meal, fish meal, and fat samples were collected and submitted bimonthly over a 24 month period from Maine, Georgia, Texas, Ohio, and California and analyzed for aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, DDE, DDD, o,p-DDT, p,p'-DDT, and methoxychlor. Concentration of individual pesticides when occurring were generally in the range of 10 to 50 p.p.b. although higher concentrations occasionally occurred. DDT and its metabolites were the most frequently occurring organochlorine pesticides detected. The highest concentration and frequency of residues detected were associated with fish meal and fat samples. Occurrence of residues in corn and soybean meal was generally infrequent and at very low concentrations. The presence of pesticide residues was very closely correlated with the areas of high crop production and hence greater pesticide use. In general it appears that poultry feeds formulated from feedstuff sources as analyzed in this study (corn and soybean meal constituting by far the major part of the poultry ration) would not contain organochlorine pesticide residues large enough to cause any major contamination problems with poultry products.

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Heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide residues on fall-treated alfalfa and in milk and cow tissues

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Importance of Feed as an Unavoidable Source of Pesticide Contamination in Poultry Meat and Eggs

Importance of Feed as an Unavoidable Source of Pesticide Contamination in Poultry Meat and Eggs

Accumulation of dieldrin and heptachlor on corn leaves in and around a treated field

Importance of Feed as an Unavoidable Source of Pesticide Contamination in Poultry Meat and Eggs

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