High‐Activity PtRuPd/C Catalyst for Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cells

Li, Qing; Wen, Xiaodong; Wu, Gang; Chung, Hoon; Gao, Rui; Zelenay, Piotr

doi:10.1002/ange.201500454

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…They found that some traditional catalysts for fuel cells, such as MnO 2 and Pt/C, may strongly catalyze the oxidation of electrolyte or cathode material in such potential range in oxygen atmosphere . It is worth noticing that some catalysts used in LOB cathodes, such as Pt and Pd, are also used as the anode catalysts to catalyze the oxidation of organic compounds in direct ethanol fuel cells and direct dimethyl ethers fuel cells . This kind of catalytic activity is potentially harmful to the stability of LOB electrolyte.…”

Section: Cathode Cyclability Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objectively Evaluating the Cathode Performance of Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries

Zhang

Shen

Sun

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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Anode : Li Li ↔ + + − e (1) Cathode : 2Li O 2e Li O 2 22 + + ↔ + − (2) Total : 2Li O Li O 2 2 2The open circuit voltage is 2.96 V vs Li/Li + . Based on the molecular weight of the discharge product Li 2 O 2 , the theoretical specific energy can be calculated as high as 3460 W h kg −1 , which is 10 times higher than state of the art LIB. It should be noticed that there is another kind of LAB which uses aqueous electrolyte at the cathode side. [22][23][24][25] But the capacity of such LAB is limited by the solubility of the discharge products in the aqueous electrolyte and the heavy weight of anode protection membrane, [26][27][28][29] it is generally believed that this type of LAB has lower specific energy than non-aqueous LOBs. [17,30] So in this report, we mainly focus on the non-aqueous LOB.In the last decade, the non-aqueous LOB has attracted worldwide attention and achieved great progress. Many literatures have reported LOB cathodes with specific capacity higher than 1,00 mA h g −1 and cyclability of more than 100 cycles in half-cell configuration. [31][32][33][34][35] These values are very attractive by considering that the specific capacity of LIB cathode is usually below 300 mA h g −1 . [36,37] However, some scientists believe that such performance is largely overestimated. [38,39] Estimation of LOB performance is usually based on half-cell test, which refers to the experimental measurement that is specialized to characterize the half-reaction on cathode side. The half-cell usually contains large excess of anode material which has high exchange current density, and the potential of the anode maintains stable during testing. However, on prototype cell level, high specific energy LOBs are still irreversible. [40,41] For example, in 2016, Samsung Electronics Inc. reported their latest progress on LOB prototype cell. [42] Their 1 A h cell with zigzag folding structure realized a specific energy of 500 W h kg −1 but only worked for 3 cycles. Apparently, conventional half-cell testing results cannot objectively reflect the cathode performance in LOB prototype cells.In this report, the particularity of the LOB cathode is extensively analyzed. We point out that some conventional parameters to evaluate the performances of LIB cathode are not suitable for LOB. In some cases, higher "specific capacity" cathodes may lead to lower prototype cell specific energy, and longer "cycle life" in limited capacity cycling tests may actually due to more unwanted side reactions. To avoid the above misleading Lithium-oxygen battery is a promising high specific energy electrochemical system for next generation energy storage. Many literatures have reported lithium-oxygen battery cathodes with specific capacity higher than 1000 mA h g −1 and cyclability of several hundred cycles in half-cell tests. However, on the prototype cell level, high specific energy lithium-oxygen batteries are still irreversible. In this report, the huge discrepancy between the half-cell result and the prototype cell performance is carefully analyzed. Some m...

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Section: Cathode Cyclability Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objectively Evaluating the Cathode Performance of Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries

Zhang

Shen

Sun

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Therefore, scientists try to synthesize advanced catalysts and use abundant earth elements to produce catalysts with high activity, good stability, and long term durability 52‐57 . Therefore, Pt‐M alloys (M = transition metals) as inexpensive alternative catalysts have been developed with low‐platinum loading accompanid with appropriate activity and durability 58‐63 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon‐based nonprecious metal electrocatalysts derived fromMOFsfor oxygen‐reduction reaction

et al. 2021

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Summary Oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) is the most critical factor in energy conversion technologies such as fuel cells. Barriers such as the high cost of Pt and its scarce reservoirs worldwide limit the use of the most advanced Pt‐based catalysts for the ORR reaction. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted considerable attention for the production of carbon‐based nonprecious metal electrocatalysts (NPMC) due to their cost‐effective properties and adjustment of MOF as precursors. The new insight of this review article is focused on clarification of synthesis‐structure‐activity correlations of the presented ORR electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications. Classification of different MOF precursors and their final desirable electrocatalysts after the pyrolysis process are discussed. ORR performance (activity and stability) and their fuel cell performances are investigated for different MOF‐derived materials like monometallic, bimetallic composites, and even single‐atom electrocatalysts. Eventually, readers find a deeper understanding and inspiration of the emerging field of nonprecious MOF‐derived catalysts.

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“…[9][10][11] Liu et al investigated a few carbonsupported PtÀ M catalysts (PtRu, Pt 3 Sn, PtW, Pt 3 Mo, PtCo, PtNi, Pt 2 Cr) for DME oxidation. [4,12,15,16] J. H. Dumont et al and Q. Li et al studied DME oxidation on a ternary catalyst (Pt x Ru y Pd z /C) and observed a two-fold enhancement in DME oxidation current using a DDMEFC, compared to a commercial binary PtRu/C anode. [4,12,15,16] J. H. Dumont et al and Q. Li et al studied DME oxidation on a ternary catalyst (Pt x Ru y Pd z /C) and observed a two-fold enhancement in DME oxidation current using a DDMEFC, compared to a commercial binary PtRu/C anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They reported that at low potentials of < 0.55 V (vs. RHE) the catalytic activities of PtRu and Pt 3 Sn catalysts were significantly higher than those of Pt/C, whereas at higher potentials of > 0.60 V Pt/C was more active than PtRu/ C. [12] This behavior can be explained by the ligand effect [13] or the bifunctional mechanism, [14] in which addition of a secondary metal facilitates water activation by surface dehydrogenation and oxidative removal of À CO ad at lower potentials (< 0.50 V vs. RHE) than on Pt. [4,12,15,16] J. H. Dumont et al and Q. Li et al studied DME oxidation on a ternary catalyst (Pt x Ru y Pd z /C) and observed a two-fold enhancement in DME oxidation current using a DDMEFC, compared to a commercial binary PtRu/C anode. [16,17] Based on density function theory (DFT) calculations, they suggested that the addition of Pd not only increases the binding energy of DME to the catalyst surface, but also reduces the activation energy for CÀ O and CÀ H bond scission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4,12,15,16] J. H. Dumont et al and Q. Li et al studied DME oxidation on a ternary catalyst (Pt x Ru y Pd z /C) and observed a two-fold enhancement in DME oxidation current using a DDMEFC, compared to a commercial binary PtRu/C anode. [16,17] Based on density function theory (DFT) calculations, they suggested that the addition of Pd not only increases the binding energy of DME to the catalyst surface, but also reduces the activation energy for CÀ O and CÀ H bond scission. Despite the recent progress, DME oxidation is still kinetically impaired compared to methanol oxidation; hence, further improvement in DDMEFC performance is required for wide adoption of DME as a fuel for direct-feed fuel cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dimethyl Ether Oxidation on an Active SnO₂/Pt/C Catalyst for High‐Power Fuel Cells

2019

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Dimethyl ether (DME) has been considered a potential fuel for direct-feed proton exchange membrane fuel cells, owing to its high energy density, low toxicity, and low crossover through a Nafion® membrane in comparison to commonly reported fuels such as methanol, ethanol, and formic acid. The main hurdle in the implementation of direct DME fuel cells is the sluggish oxidation kinetics on state-of-the-art PtÀ based catalysts (e. g. Pt and PtRu). In this work, DME oxidation on a platinum-coated tin oxide catalyst (Pt/SnO 2 ) supported on carbon is reported and compared with commercial Pt/C catalysts. Our catalyst was synthesized by using the polyol method, and structural characterization was performed by using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical analysis in acid solution showed overpotentials that are 50 mV lower than commercial Pt/C, as well as a higher oxidation current ( 44 mA À 1 Pt ). The peak power obtained using a 4 cm 2 laboratory prototype fuel cell (loading of 1.23 mg Pt cm À 2 on anode at 0.40 V) was 105 mW cm À 2 at 70°C. Online mass spectrometry analysis of the oxidation products gives insights into the new pathways of the electro-oxidation mechanism on this promising catalyst.

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High‐Activity PtRuPd/C Catalyst for Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cells

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Objectively Evaluating the Cathode Performance of Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries

Objectively Evaluating the Cathode Performance of Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries

Carbon‐based nonprecious metal electrocatalysts derived fromMOFsfor oxygen‐reduction reaction

Dimethyl Ether Oxidation on an Active SnO₂/Pt/C Catalyst for High‐Power Fuel Cells

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High‐Activity PtRuPd/C Catalyst for Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cells

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Objectively Evaluating the Cathode Performance of Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries

Objectively Evaluating the Cathode Performance of Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries

Carbon‐based nonprecious metal electrocatalysts derived fromMOFsfor oxygen‐reduction reaction

Dimethyl Ether Oxidation on an Active SnO2/Pt/C Catalyst for High‐Power Fuel Cells

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Dimethyl Ether Oxidation on an Active SnO₂/Pt/C Catalyst for High‐Power Fuel Cells