High-Curie-Temperature Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ Ceramic Actuator Cofired with Pure Silver Internal Electrodes

Abstract

High-Curie temperature (Tc > 350 °C) lead zirconium titanate (PZT) ceramics cofired with low-cost pure silver (Ag) have been investigated for the manufacture of actuators for high-temperature applications. One percent of a low-firing additive, LiBiO2, was added to the conventionally calcined Pb (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT 52/48) powder and ground to 0.2 µm in average particle size, using yttrium toughened zirconia (YTZ) balls. PZT 52/48 ceramics fired at 850 °C showed a density = 7.9 g/cm3, an electromechanical coupling factor planar mode kp = 0.60, a piezoelectric constant d33 = 500 pm/V and a high Tc = 370 °C. PZT green sheets of 60 µm thickness with Ag metal paste were laminated and cofired at 850 °C. PZT ceramics cofired with Ag exhibited displacement corresponding to d33 = 363 pm/V; no Ag dispersion into PZT ceramics was detected. These results imply that the high-Tc cofired PZT ceramics with pure Ag internal electrodes are feasible for actuators in high-temperature applications.

Ultrasonic Monitoring of Crack Propagation of Notched Concretes Using Embedded Piezo-electric Transducers

“…Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to reduce the temperature rise of interior concrete in the casting process in order to minimize its impact on embedded transducers. On the other hand, since the Curie temperature of the sensing element of transducer, namely the piezoelectric ceramic disc, is within the range of 200 to 350°C (Gu et al 2006;Ochiai et al 2008), the influence of temperature effect can therefore be neglected.…”

Low-Temperature Sintering of Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbZrO3–PbTiO3 Ceramics via Single-Step Calcination Process without Sintering Additives

“…Hence, fine pulverization is required to attain low-temperature sintering. 9) The calcined powder was pulverized again similarly to raw material powders using 3 mm YTZ balls. Figures 5(a) and 5(b) show a SEM image and the particle distribution of the calcined powder pulverized using 3 mm YTZ balls, respectively.…”

“…They were weighed according to the determined chemical composition of 0.375Pb(Ni 1=3 Nb 2=3 )O 3 -0.25PbZrO 3 -0.375PbTiO 3 and then mixed and pulverized for 48 h in a wet ball mill using YTZ balls (Nikkato) of 3 mm in diameter in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) containing a surfactant (Kusumoto Chemicals), as reported previously. 9) Also, YTZ balls of 10 mm in diameter were utilized, for comparison. After drying, the treated powders were calcined from 800 to 1000 C for 2 h. The suitable calcination temperature was determined to be 850 C for the raw material powders mixed and pulverized using 3 mm YTZ balls.…”

“…In addition, we prepared MLAs sintered at 850 C with Ag internal electrodes with a thickness of 3 mm, which revealed d 33 ¼ 363 pm/V. 9) Other studies attained low-temperature sintering of lead-based ceramics, using sintering additives or excess PbO. 10,11) Another problem that should be solved is Ag ion migration from the anode to the cathode in the silver-rich electrodes of MLAs, leading to the degradation of MLAs themselves.…”

Projeto e fabricação de calotas semiesféricas piezocerâmicas para aplicação em hidrofones

“…Consequentemente, a moagem pode produzir um pó muito reativo e fácil de sinterizar. Especificamente, tem sido reportado que a temperatura de sinterização do PZT pode ser reduzida pela redução do tamanho de partículas através de moagem (MAIWA et al, 2005;OCHIAI et al, 2008;XIAO et al, 2018). No entanto, a moagem altera significativamente o formato, tamanho e distribuição das partículas do pó, alterando o processo de prensagem e usinagem.…”