High‐efficiency LC‐S compensated wireless power transfer charging converter for implantable pacemakers

Abstract

This paper deals with wireless power transfer (WPT) based on magnetic coupling resonance in order to delivery power to a cardiac pacemaker from the outside of the body. The high-efficiency power delivery, implantation, and safety are key parameters for a WPT system, designed for active implantable medical devices. Therefore, this paper is focused on high-efficiency power transfer, implantation, and safety issues. For the wireless charging of the pacemaker, the LC-S compensation topology is presented and designed based on high-efficiency power delivery. The resonant components of the LC-S compensation topology were extracted in order to ensure that WPT converter operates at resonance frequency. The operation of the presented WPT charging converter is validated by a prototype operating at 300-kHz operation frequency. At 4.2 V output voltage and 0.45 A output current, the WPT efficiency of the prototype is measured as 82.39%. Finally, the safety evaluation of the proposed WPT converter is also discussed based on reference values presented in the literature.

Wireless charging for cardiac pacemakers based on class‐D power amplifier and a series–parallel spider‐web coil

“…These authors introduced initial suggestions about safe operating frequencies for implantable medical devices. Cetin et al 32 introduced a WPT prototype converter for a wirelessly charged pacemaker operating at 300 kHz. The design was based on an LC‐S configuration with zero phase angle (ZPA) between voltage and current for both source and rectifier.…”

“…This magnitude of power is sufficient to supply most BMIs, such as pacemakers and deep biomedical implants. The transfer distance between coupling transmitter and receiver coils of 8–12 mm is frequently mentioned in the studies submitted for the WPT application of pacemakers 32,61 . Therefore, in the proposed WPT‐SP‐SWC system, 10 mm is considered a proper distance to charge a pacemaker.…”

“…The transfer distance between coupling transmitter and receiver coils of 8-12 mm is frequently mentioned in the studies submitted for the WPT application of pacemakers. 32,61 Therefore, in the proposed WPT-SP-SWC system, 10 mm is considered a proper distance to charge a pacemaker. People's age and weight might slightly influence this gap between the coils in practical applications.…”

Research on dual‐frequency modulation strategy of wireless power transfer system

“…WPT overcomes these disadvantages and makes the charging process safe, convenient, reliable, and flexible 1,2 . It promotes the generation of a large number of new application technologies, such as the wireless charging of electric vehicles (EVs), contactless charging of medical equipment, and household appliances, and so forth 3–6 …”

“…1,2 It promotes the generation of a large number of new application technologies, such as the wireless charging of electric vehicles (EVs), contactless charging of medical equipment, and household appliances, and so forth. [3][4][5][6] In these practical industrial product applications, output power regulation and high transfer efficiency are often required. 7,8 An additional DC/DC converter has been used at the transmitter of the WPT system to adjust the output power.…”