“…Additionally, ensuring a homogeneous treatment is challenging, especially with non-invasive electrodes and highly heterogeneous tissue structures [ 19 ]. To compensate, higher frequency pulses can be used for impedance mitigation and equivalent efficacy nanosecond pulse protocols can be derived, which was confirmed in vitro [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ] and in vivo [ 19 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. High-frequency short-duration protocols show potential advantages compared to standard EP treatment, such as minimized thermal damage [ 29 ], reduced neuromuscular stimulation [ 30 ], lower Joule heating [ 31 ], and most importantly, a more homogeneous response with high flexibility in parametric protocol design.…”