High Frequency of Non-B Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Subtype Specific Mutations at the Protease Gene among Treatment-naive HIV-1 Infected Individuals in Jos, Nigeria

Anejo-Okopi, Joseph

doi:10.9734/bjmmr/2014/7449

BJMMR

2014

DOI: 10.9734/bjmmr/2014/7449

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High Frequency of Non-B Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Subtype Specific Mutations at the Protease Gene among Treatment-naive HIV-1 Infected Individuals in Jos, Nigeria

Joseph Anejo-Okopi

Abstract: Aims: To determine the prevalence of non-B HIV-1 subtype specific mutations in the protease gene among antiretroviral drug-naive individuals in Jos, Nigeria. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study in which randomly selected blood samples of HIV-1 positive anti-retroviral drug-naïve individuals were used for genotyping assay. Place and Duration of Study:The study was conducted at the adult HIV clinic of the AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN) programme, Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), … Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

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Determination of reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations in HIV-1 infected children in Côte d’Ivoire

Camara-Cisse

Djohan

Toni

et al. 2021

Genome

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Treatment scale-up is leading to a progressive increase in HIV resistance to antiretrovirals, especially in children. To assess resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) in HIV-1 infected children in Côte d'Ivoire, genotypic resistance tests were performed and interpreted using the ANRS algorithm (www.hivfrenchresistance.org). Phylogenetic trees were created using BioEdit v7 and Mega7 software. The frequency of resistance to at least one RTI was 79%. It was 88% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 71% for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and 63% for both classes (NRTI + NNRTI). The frequency of resistance was 50% for the AZT + 3TC + EFV combination, 42% for the ABC + 3TC + EFV combination, and 8% for the TDF + 3TC + EFV combination. Frequently encountered resistance mutations were for NRTIs: M184V (88%), TAMs (67%), T215F/I/V/Y (33%) and L74I/V (24%); for NNRTIs: K103N/S (74%), P225H (26%) and G190A/E/Q (24%). The synthesis of phylogenetic analyses showed the predominance of CRF02_AG (85%). These results show a high prevalence of resistance to RTI in children infected with HIV-1. Hence the interest of a more accessible monitoring of viral load and genotypic resistance tests in HIV-1 infected children undergoing treatment in Côte d'Ivoire.

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Determination of reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations in HIV-1 infected children in Côte d’Ivoire

Camara-Cisse

Djohan

Toni

et al. 2021

Genome

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show abstract

The effect of HIV protease gene mutations to protease inhibitor drugs resistance in Papua patients: In silico analysis

Widiyanti¹,

Maladan

Adiningsih³

2023

APJMBB

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The use of phenotypic assay requires laborious work to culture HIV isolates to observe the phenotypic change of the virus in the presence of antiretroviral drugs. The genotypic approach may rely on the secondary data of documented mutations that are responsible for phenotypic alterations to antiretroviral-resistant HIV. HIV genomes were extracted from patients’ plasma, which was subsequently subjected to RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. The obtained HIV genome sequencing data were analyzed for mutation detection. Three-dimensional (3D) structures of mutant HIV protease were constructed using FoldX software. The binding affinity of the mutant HIV protease with protease inhibitor drugs (Saquinavir, Ritonavir, Nelfinavir, Indinavir, and Lopinavir) was analyzed using AutoDock Vina. There were 90 patients involved in this study. The patients attended the Voluntary Counseling Test (VCT) of Mitra Masyarakat Hospital in Mimika, Papua, Indonesia. Among recruited subjects, the HIV genomes corresponding to the protease-encoded gene of 30 patients were successfully sequenced. There was only one patient (RSMM_70) infected with HIV harboring minor mutations (L10V, I15V, M36I, and R41K) in the protease-encoded gene that was not a new finding mutation. The 3D structure showed that the hydrophobicity and stability of mutant HIV protease were different from the wild genotype. Docking analysis showed decreasing binding affinity of the mutant HIV protease to the protease inhibitor drugs, which may lead to the alteration of inhibitory effectiveness. In silico docking, the analysis may provide an alternative approach to predict the effect of minor mutations in the HIV protease gene on the effectiveness of protease inhibitor drugs.

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Utility of a Relatively Affordable In-House HIV-1 Genotyping Assay for Drug Resistance Testing among Non B HIV-1 Infected Drug Naive Patients in Nigeria

Anejo-Okopi¹,

Onywera²,

Abah³

et al. 2018

AiM

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Background: The introduction of antiretroviral (ARV) in resource-limited settings has increased life expectancy among non-B HIV-1 infected individuals. We used a validated In-house genotyping assay to characterize non-B HIV-1 and to determine drug resistance mutations among treatment-naive patients. Methods: Plasma samples from 105 HIV-1 infected drug-naive adult patients attending a tertiary hospital Jos, Nigeria were subjected to HIV-1 RNA extraction, reverse transcription amplification, and population-based sequencing of the partial pol gene on the ABI 3130xl genetic analyzer. Subtyping and phylogenetic analyses were performed by REGA Subtyping Tool v2.0 and MEGA v5.0 respectively. Drug resistance profiles were evaluated according to IAS-USA 2013 drug resistance mutations list. Result: One hundred samples (95.2%) were successfully genotyped.

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High Frequency of Non-B Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Subtype Specific Mutations at the Protease Gene among Treatment-naive HIV-1 Infected Individuals in Jos, Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Determination of reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations in HIV-1 infected children in Côte d’Ivoire

Determination of reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations in HIV-1 infected children in Côte d’Ivoire

The effect of HIV protease gene mutations to protease inhibitor drugs resistance in Papua patients: In silico analysis

Utility of a Relatively Affordable In-House HIV-1 Genotyping Assay for Drug Resistance Testing among Non B HIV-1 Infected Drug Naive Patients in Nigeria

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