High-frequency radars: physical limitations and recent developments

Gurgel, Klaus-Werner; Essen, H.‐H.; Kingsley, S.P.

doi:10.1016/s0378-3839(99)00026-5

Cited by 125 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…27 In Liverpool Bay this is 7.6°. Emery 16 calculated the bearing accuracy of the CODAR radar to be in the region of 4-10°and any angular agreement between the radar and ADCP of this order is acceptable.…”

Section: Hf Radarmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Operating at 30W and approximately 13MHz (the exact operating frequencies differ to allow simultaneous data acquisition) each radar transmits a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW). The receive antenna is a 16 linear phased array whip antenna parallel to the coast and with λ/2 spacing, where λ is the transmit wavelength, and uses beamforming 27 to determine bearing angle.…”

Section: Hf Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A two year comparison between HF radar and ADCP current measurements in Liverpool Bay

Robinson

Wyatt

Howarth

2011

Journal of Operational Oceanography

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Section: Hf Radarmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Hf Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two year comparison between HF radar and ADCP current measurements in Liverpool Bay

Robinson

Wyatt

Howarth

2011

Journal of Operational Oceanography

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“…The shore-based, high-frequency (HF) radar system was installed within the framework of the INTERREG Archimed project "Prevention and Management of seaoriginated Risks to the Coastal Zone (CORI)" on the eastern coast of Lemnos island and is a monostatic fourantenna, dual site HF WEllen RAdar (WERA) (Gürgel et al, 1999b). The installation was completed in October 2009 and two transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) sites were used, distant by about 23 km from each other: (a) Plaka site, at the North-Eastern Cape and (b) Fisini site, at the South-Eastern Cape of Lemnos Island.…”

Section: The Radar Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HF radar coverage is widely known to be sensitive to weather conditions, ionospheric reflection, sea-surface conductivity as well as noise from interference (Gürgel et al, 1999b). The range of the "Dardanos" installation has shown the expected sensitivity to weather conditions, exhibiting range reduction during calm conditions and during storms.…”

Section: Data Coveragementioning

confidence: 99%

HF Radar observations of the Dardanelles outflow current in North Eastern Aegean using validated WERA HF radar data

Kokkini¹,

Potiris²,

Kalampokis³

et al. 2014

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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A two-site WERA High Frequency radar (HF radar) system, named "Dardanos", was installed in November 2009 on the eastern coast of Lemnos Island, North Aegean Sea, to monitor the surface inflow of Black Sea waters exiting from the Dardanelles Strait, as well as to constitute a coastal management tool for incidents of oil-pollution or search-and-rescue operations. Strong interference from external radio signals has been a source of noise deteriorating the quality of the backscattered signal, thus significantly reducing the HF radar's effective operating range. In order to ameliorate this problem, further quality-control and data gap interpolating procedures have been developed and applied, to be used in addition to the procedures incorporated and used by the manufacturer's signal processing software. The second-level processing involves traditional despiking in the temporal domain, preceding Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis. The latter is used not only to filter high-frequency noise but also to fill data gaps in time and space. The data reconstruction procedure has been assessed via comparison of (a) HF radial versus CODE-type drifter radial velocities as well as (b) HF-derived virtual drifter tracks versus actual drifter tracks. The main circulation features and their variability, as revealed by the reconstructed fields, are presented.

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“…Over the past few decades, high-frequency (HF) radar has emerged as a useful tool for measuring synoptic near-surface currents near the coast at high spatial and temporal resolutions (Barrick et al 1985;Gurgel et al 1999). Particle trajectories computed from HF radar-measured velocities have been compared with real drifters (Kaplan et al 2005) and have been used, e.g., to study submesoscale barriers to mixing ), pollution releases off the Florida coast (Lekien et al 2005), synoptic Lagrangian properties (Lipphardt et al 2006), and Lagrangian coherent structures (Shadden et al 2009) in Monterey Bay, California.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How useful are progressive vector diagrams for studying coastal ocean transport?

Carlson

Muscarella

Gildor

et al. 2010

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Progressive vector diagrams (PVDs) have been used to estimate transport in the coastal ocean from point measurements of velocity time series, although they strictly only approximate true particle trajectories in regions where the currents are spatially uniform. Currents in most coastal regions vary significantly in both space and time, making coastal transport estimates from PVDs questionable. Here, we used synoptic surface currents measured over periods of several months by HF radars in two coastal areas with distinctly different circulation features (the Gulf of Eilat, a deep, semi-enclosed basin, and the Delaware Bay mouth, a coastal estuarine outflow) to assess the time scales over which PVD paths computed from velocity time series at fixed points separate from particle trajectories computed from two-dimensional measured horizontal currents that vary in both space and time. In both study regions, PVDs and particle trajectories separate by 1 km over a mean time period of 7-10 h with no significant month-to-month variation in either region. The separation time statistics presented here should serve as a strong caution for investigators motivated to estimate transport using only point measurements.

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High-frequency radars: physical limitations and recent developments

Cited by 125 publications

References 15 publications

A two year comparison between HF radar and ADCP current measurements in Liverpool Bay

A two year comparison between HF radar and ADCP current measurements in Liverpool Bay

HF Radar observations of the Dardanelles outflow current in North Eastern Aegean using validated WERA HF radar data

How useful are progressive vector diagrams for studying coastal ocean transport?

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