High-Gain Millimeter-Wave Holographic Antenna in Package Using Glass Technology

Galler, Thomas; Frey, Thomas L.; Waldschmidt, Christian; Chaloun, Tobias

doi:10.1109/lawp.2020.3022520

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Again, the reason can be found in the prohibitive fabrication costs of LTCC based AiPs for consumer electronics markets targeting especially low-cost mass production. In recent years, glass-based AiPs have increasingly gained attention for mm-wave applications [6], [106], [107], [109], [125], [126], [127]. The advantage of the glass substrates are their low-loss electrical properties beyond 150 GHz, dimensional stability, ability to form fine-pitch lines, spaces, and vias, and potential availability in large-scale low-cost panels [45].…”

Section: A Integration Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronically Steerable Antennas for Future Heterogeneous Communication Networks: Review and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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Satellite, fifth generation (5G), and sixth generation (6G) mobile communication systems operating at micro-and millimeter wave frequencies are an essential pillar in advanced network architectures for high-throughput low latency services. The decisive factors for this current development were the significant technological advances accomplished over the last two decades, which meanwhile enable highly integrated, feature-rich, and cost-effective realizations of complete phased array transceiver topologies. Motivated through the today's trend for heterogeneous constellation types to provide truly global coverage, this contribution reviews the current state-of-the-art of electronically steerable antennas for terrestrial and non-terrestrial communication systems up to 100 GHz. First, the potential benefits and limitations of the most relevant technologies are contrasted and put into context with recent system architectures for adaptive beamforming. Their operating principles along with various experimental implementation and achievements providing advanced capabilities such as multi-band/multi-beam operation, polarization agility, and wideangle scanning are thoroughly presented. Particular emphasis is laid on the review of direct radiating arrays, quasi-optical antenna configurations, and metasurface-based antennas.INDEX TERMS Satellite communications on the move (SOTM), fifth generation (5G), sixth generation (6G), hybrid satellite constellations, aerial networks, electronic steering, phased array, antennas.This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. TOBIAS CHALOUN (Member, IEEE) received the Dipl.-Ing. degree and the Dr.-Ing. degree (with hons.

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Section: A Integration Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronically Steerable Antennas for Future Heterogeneous Communication Networks: Review and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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“…As a result, every UC has an assigned slot orientation due to its anisotropic tensor components. Subsequently, the geometric parameters, which yields to the lowest impedance error (see ( 5)), determines the scalar impedance as function of the incident angle φ inc,n (see 7 in Fig. 1).…”

Section: B Preliminary Consideration Of the Anisotropic Impedance Ten...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After determining the merged slot angle φ slot,merged , the incident angle of each feed n on the considered UC φ inc,n is included. A database matrix look-up table (LUT) is created for this purpose, containing all scalar impedance values Z s,LUT for L different aspect ratios (see (7)) and M slot angels (see Fig. 3).…”

Section: Incident Angle Dependent Impedance Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The individual pixel structures is going to be realized by a conventional wet etching process with tolerances of ±2 µm. A probe tip in upside-down orientation is used to feed the proposed holographic antenna on glass from the bottom side in order to avoid the parasitic impact of the probe on the radiation pattern of the antenna under test (AUT) [7]. The far field simulations of the modeled holographic multi-feed antenna are conducted using a full wave simulation tool.…”

Section: B Simulation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards Holographic Antenna Systems for MIMO Radar and Communication Applications

Frey¹,

Doring²,

Waldschmidt³

et al. 2022

2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)

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A novel synthesis method using an incident angle dependent impedance mapping for holographic multi-feed antennas is presented. Since the unit cells of the holographic antenna are shared with all feeds, it is necessary to merge all of the sub-holograms to a common physical geometry. In the proposed multi-beam synthesis, a individual merged impedance hologram for each feeding point is determined, which has the lowest impedance error to the corresponding analytical holograms. Subsequently, a non pixel-based genetic optimization is used to account for global error minimization across all feeds. The antenna is going to be realized on glass due its lower loss and dispersive properties compared to Teflon-based materials at mm-wave frequencies. In addition to the incident angle dependent hologram synthesis method, an appropriate sub-wavelength pixel has been design and optimized with enhanced anisotropic properties. The implemented holographic multi-feed antenna design has an antenna gain of 23.3 dBi and 23.0 dBi, a polarization purity of 20.3 dB and 23.0 dB and a side-lobe level of −18.5 dB and −19.0 dB with 2 feeds at 77 GHz.

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“…This distance results in turn from the very precise knowledge of the melting behavior of the solder balls. Using this approach, also a direct connection to holographic antenna structures is possible [18]. Here, the central signal pad on chip connects the stub signal TGVs with a circulating gap ring (10 μm) to the ground metal.…”

Section: A Mmic-to-glass Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass Package for Radar MMICs Above 150 GHz

Galler¹,

Chaloun²,

Mayer

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Microw.

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This work presents a novel sensor packaging and a novel transition concept for radar applications above 150 GHz based on glass material. By using laser induced deep etching (LIDE) technology, glass vias and cavities are fabricated without degrading the mechanical stability of glass, as micro-cracks are completely avoided. Especially at high millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequencies, precise structuring on low dielectric loss materials and a high integration density are essential for low loss transitions. In this paper, an ultra compact FMCW radar monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) at 160 GHz is used to demonstrate this packaging technology. In addition, the high frequency signal is guided by a low loss transition to a deposed antenna via a dielectric waveguide (DWG) providing the antenna front end with mechanical flexibility. Thus, using plated through glass vias (TGVs) and a circulating solder ring, the package is hermetically sealed. The optical transparent glass package has a size of only 5.8 mm × 4.4 mm × 0.9 mm. A minimum measured insertion loss of 2.85 dB at 162 GHz from chip to DWG is achieved. The complete radar system with a range resolution of 12 mm is demonstrated via radar measurement.

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High-Gain Millimeter-Wave Holographic Antenna in Package Using Glass Technology

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Electronically Steerable Antennas for Future Heterogeneous Communication Networks: Review and Perspectives

Electronically Steerable Antennas for Future Heterogeneous Communication Networks: Review and Perspectives

Towards Holographic Antenna Systems for MIMO Radar and Communication Applications

Glass Package for Radar MMICs Above 150 GHz

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