High intensity interval training (HIIT) as a viable alternative to induce the prevention of respiratory diseases: a point of view of exercise immunology during COVID-19 outbreak

Abstract

The immune system's response against SARS-Cov-2 seems crucial to control viral infection, since this system is homeostatic, dynamic and promotes immunoprotection of the organism through the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system via activation of cellular and chemical complexes that recognize, neutralize, metabolize and eliminate heterologous substances, with or without tissue damage. An obesogenic microenvironment can further increase the risk of disease complications, and cause a more virulent viral strain and a more lethal virus. Moreover, physical inactivity as well as poor eating habits impairs the body's energy metabolism and immune cells due to low-grade chronic inflammation. Studies suggest that light to moderate exercise, as well as mild calorie restriction, as an effective approach to relieve obesity and therefore an interesting strategy to strengthen the immune response during the outbreak of COVID-19, while a vaccine is not developed. Some studies have been shown significant findings in favor of High intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols when compared to moderate intensity exercise, showing how immunological system responds to vigorous to high intensity training. However, HIIT has a lower cost of time, reducing the time/efficiency ratio, that is, a lower cost of time with similar or even better benefits to higher volume exercise programs. Let us not forget: "time is the most precious asset we have".

Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Depressive Symptoms in Adults under Home Confinement

“…The potential of HIIT as a physical exercise alternative in confinement situations was theoretically pointed out, given its benefits for health [31], its positive effects on the immune system [32], reduced time commitment and minimal equipment and space requirements [32,33].…”

Parâmetros fisiológicos de uma sessão de exercício calistênico intermitente de alta intensidade em praticantes avançados

“…O exercício calistênico intermitente de alta intensidade (ECIAI) vem ganhando popularidade por ser considerado um método eficaz e de baixo custo para a melhora da aptidão física e da composição corporal (Gist et al, 2014;Machado et al, 2017;Schaun & Vecchio, 2018;Schaun et al, 2018). Além disso, o ECIAI é também descrito como um exercício que promove estímulos vigorosos no corpo inteiro em curto espaço de tempo (Gist et al, 2014;Paula et al, 2020;Tucker et al, 2015;Weston et al, 2014). McRae et al (2012) relataram que um programa de ECIAI é mais benéfico no aumento da aptidão cardiovascular do que um programa de exercício aeróbico contínuo de intensidade moderada.…”