High levels of fluoride in groundwater from Northern parts of Indo-Gangetic plains reveals detrimental fluorosis health risks

Nizam, Sarwar; Virk, H.S.; Sen, Indra Sekhar

doi:10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100200

Cited by 59 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…F − in groundwater is controlled by many factors, such as cation exchange, evaporation, higher concentrations of HCO 3 − and Na + , base ionic exchange, and residence time [ 20 ]. The weathering of rock is recognized as the major control mechanism to blame for elevated fluoride concentrations in the study area’s groundwater [ 4 ]. Moreover, base ion exchange mechanisms show that greater Na + and HCO 3 − concentrations play a role in the activation of Na + and F − in groundwater via displacement reactions and the common ion effect [ 13 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moderate doses have dental effects, but long-term ingestion can lead to serious bone disease [ 3 ]. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to F − toxins can harm the reproductive, neurological, musculoskeletal, developmental, endocrine, and renal systems, leading to genotoxicity in some cases [ 4 ]. F − is fluorine’s major inorganic toxicant, which is favored by an alkaline pH, high sodium cations (Na + ), higher bicarbonate (HCO 3 − ), and low calcium (Ca 2+ ) ion concentrations [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Evaluation of Elevated Fluoride in Groundwater and Its Suitability Assessment for Drinking Purposes Based on Water Quality Index

Ullah

Zeng

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Fluoride (F−) contamination in drinking groundwater is a significant human health risk in Pakistan. Moreover, high fluoride pollution in drinking water causes a variety of disorders, including dental, neurological, and skeletal fluorosis. The aim of this research was to evaluate the health risk of elevated fluoride in groundwater and its suitability assessment for drinking purposes. The total of (n = 37) samples were collected from community tube wells of Quetta Valley, Balochistan, Pakistan. The results show a mean pH value of 7.7, TDS of 404.6 mg/L, EC of 500 µs/cm, depth of 96.8 feet, and turbidity of 1.7 nephelometric turbidity units. The mean values of HCO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+, were 289.5, 47.5, 30.6, and 283.3 mg/L, respectively. The mean values of SO42−, NO3−, K+, Cl−, and Fe2+, were 34.9, 1.0, 1.6, 25.6, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. The F− concentration in the groundwater varied between 0.19 and 6.21, with a mean value of 1.8 mg/L, and 18 samples out of 37 were beyond the WHO recommended limit of 1.5 mg/L. The hydrochemical analysis results indicated that among the groundwater samples of the study area, 54% samples were Na-HCO3 type and 46% were mixed CaNaHCO3 type. The saturation indices of the mineral phases reveal that the groundwater sources of the study area were saturated with CaCO3 and halide minerals due to their positive (SI) values. Such minerals include calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and fluorite. The principal component analysis results reveal that the groundwater sources of the study area are contaminated due to geological and anthropogenic actions. The health risk assessment results of the F− concentrations show the ranges of ADDingestion for children, females, and males in the Quetta Valley, and their mean values were observed to be 0.093052, 0.068825, and 0.065071, respectively. The HQingestion mean values were 1.55086, 1.147089, and 1.084521 for children, females, and males, respectively. It was noticed that children had the highest maximum and average values of ADDingestion and HQingestion in the research area, indicating that groundwater fluoride intake poses the greatest health risk to children. The water quality index (WQI) analyses show that 44% of the samples belong to the poor-quality category, 49% were of good quality, and 8% of the samples of the study area belong to the excellent category.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Evaluation of Elevated Fluoride in Groundwater and Its Suitability Assessment for Drinking Purposes Based on Water Quality Index

Ullah

Zeng

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Groundwater contamination with fluoride is a global problem. Fluoride pollution of water resources is a global concern since excessive fluoride in drinking water poses major health hazards (Nizam et al, 2022).…”

Section: Pesticides and Fertilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts on Consumer Health from Dug Well Contamination - A Crucial Drinking Water Source

Thaniem¹,

Prakash²,

Muniyandi³

2022

IJRASET

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Main objective of this review is to analyse potential sources of pollution, constituents, consumer health risks related to contaminated drinking water, and remediation strategies. Dug wells with poorly protected well mouth-covering or unlined wells are more susceptible to biological and chemical contamination. Physical irregularities in the lining and covering of the well act as a door to the entry of pollutants into the well. Residential, municipal, commercial, industrial, and agricultural activities can have an impact on ground water quality. Agriculture is one of the most common human activities that have an impact on both surface and groundwater. Water resource quality is determined by geological characteristics such as soil kinds, topography slope, plant roots, water dissolution with minerals/soils, and the radioactive decay of elements. Septic tanks, pit latrines, and sewer systems are the main source of faecal contamination in the groundwater system. Pesticides, fertilisers, and livestock dung frequently introduce heavy metals into aquifers, posing a direct hazard to human health. Waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera, syphilis, and typhoid have been linked to a lack of adequate water. Drinking water containing various anions and heavy metals, such as Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, and others, has a substantial negative impact on human health. Drinking water treatment removes impurities from the source water, making it safe to drink. The long-term goal of decontamination is to detect and remove hazardous compounds from water cost-effectively and reliably.

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“…Importantly, F-bearing minerals in rock strata, including fluorite, fluorapatite, and cryolite, are typically identified as the most important geogenic sources of F - (He J et al, 2013;Mondal et al, 2014;Olaka et al, 2016;Laxmankumar et al, 2019;Hao et al, 2021d;Duggal and Sharma, 2022;Rehman et al, 2022). In addition, specific water-rock interactions play a very important role in the fluoride enrichment of groundwater, such as evaporation (Dehbandi et al, 2018;Li et al, 2018;Chicas et al, 2022;Rehman et al, 2022), competitive adsorption (Li et al, 2018;Ali et al, 2019;Rehman et al, 2022), and ion exchange effects (Li et al, 2015;Ali et al, 2018;Huang et al, 2022;Nizam et al, 2022). Anthropogenic sources, such as application of phophate fertilisers and pesticides, use of aluminum smelting, glass and brick industries, the burning of coal, and processing of mining activities, also contribute excessive amounts of fluoride into groundwater (Li et al, 2018;Rashid et al, 2018;Ali et al, 2019;Hao et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, numerous geochemical ions may affect the presence of Fin groundwater. For instance, high-Fgroundwater often have neutral to alkaline pH and they are typically Na-HCO 3 dominant with low concentrations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ (Li et al, 2018;LaFayette et al, 2020;Huang et al, 2022;Nizam et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal distribution of deep groundwater fluoride, geochemical factors and ecological risk for irrigation in the Shendong mining area, China

Hao

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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High-fluoride (F-) deep groundwater in the vicinity of mining areas poses severe ecological risks. In this study, we aimed to characterize and reveal the seasonal distribution and influencing factors of elevated F- concentrations in the deep groundwater in the Shendong mining area, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia province, China. In addition, the ecological risks associated with F- concentrations in irrigation water were assessed. During the wet and dry seasons, the F- concentrations in mine water samples ranged between 0.12 and 13.92 mg/L (mean: 4.24 mg/L) and between 0.20 and 17.58 mg/L (mean: 4.59 mg/L), respectively. The F- content of mine water was clearly higher during the dry season than that during the wet season. F- concentrations in deep groundwater exhibited consistent spatial distributions during both the dry and wet seasons, with an evident increase from southeast to northwest. The dissolution and precipitation of F--bearing and calcium minerals, cation exchange, competitive adsorption, evaporation, and anthropogenic activities during both the wet and dry seasons were identified as important factors influencing F- concentrations in deep groundwater. In addition, the ecological assessment revealed that 100% and 88.89% of low-F- deep groundwater samples were suitable for practices during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. In contrast 84.00% and 84.62% of high-F- deep groundwater samples were unsuitable for irrigation practices during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. This research provided useful prevention policies of deep groundwater extraction to mitigate environment problems associated with excessive F- irrigation.

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High levels of fluoride in groundwater from Northern parts of Indo-Gangetic plains reveals detrimental fluorosis health risks

Cited by 59 publications

References 68 publications

Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Evaluation of Elevated Fluoride in Groundwater and Its Suitability Assessment for Drinking Purposes Based on Water Quality Index

Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Evaluation of Elevated Fluoride in Groundwater and Its Suitability Assessment for Drinking Purposes Based on Water Quality Index

The Impacts on Consumer Health from Dug Well Contamination - A Crucial Drinking Water Source

Seasonal distribution of deep groundwater fluoride, geochemical factors and ecological risk for irrigation in the Shendong mining area, China

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