High Levels of HDL Cholesterol Do Not Predict Protection From Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Baron, Alea A.; Baron, Scott B.

doi:10.1111/j.1520-037x.2007.05858.x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…When HDL-C is elevated and the patient presents with atypical symptoms, physicians might underestimate a female’s CV risk based on the expected HDL protection for CVD. 36 Careful evaluation of both symptoms and laboratory results also taking into account any favorable CV risk markers should lead to correct diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Elevated HDL Levels With Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Women With Untreated Essential Hypertension

et al. 2015

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High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), a negative risk factor, is positively associated with a decreased risk of coronary heart disease. We investigated the association between high HDL-C levels and target organ damage (TOD) in never treated women with hypertension. We measured HDL-C levels in 117 women followed by estimation of TODs, that is, pulse wave velocity, microalbuminuria, left ventricular mass index, coronary flow reserve, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Women were divided into 2 groups (HDLH and HDLL), regarding HDL-C quartiles (upper quartile vs the first 3 lower quartiles). In HDLH group : HDL ≥70 mg/dL), cIMT was nonindependently, negatively related to HDL-C (ρ = -.42, P < .05). Using receiver -operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis in the HDLH group, we concluded that the cutoff value of HDL ≥76.5 mg/dL moderately predicted the absence of carotid atherosclerosis (area under the curve: 0.77, P = .02; confidence interval: 0.57-0.97; sensitivity 73% and specificity 67%). Increased HDL-C may predict the absence of carotid atherosclerosis in middle-age women with untreated essential hypertension and consequently contribute to total cardiovascular risk estimation and treatment planning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Elevated HDL Levels With Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Women With Untreated Essential Hypertension

et al. 2015

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“…When HDL-C is elevated and the patient refers to atypical symptoms, physicians might underestimate a female's CV risk based on the expected HDL-C protection for CV disease. 50 Subsequently, careful evaluation of both symptoms and laboratory results taking also into account any favorable cardiovascular risk markers should lead to correct diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HDL cholesterol levels and endothelial glycocalyx integrity in treated hypertensive patients

Triantafyllidi

Benas

Vlachos

et al. 2018

J of Clinical Hypertension

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Endothelial dysfunction indicates target organ damage in hypertensive patients. The integrity of endothelial glycocalyx (EG) plays a vital role in vascular permeability, inflammation and elasticity, and finally to cardiovascular disease. The authors aimed to investigate the role of increased HDL cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels, which usually are considered protective against cardiovascular disease, in EG integrity in older hypertensive patients. The authors studied 120 treated hypertensive patients older than 50 years were divided regarding HDL‐C tertiles in group HDLH (HDL‐C ≥ 71 mg/dL, upper HDL‐C tertile) and group HDLL (HDL‐C < 71 mg/dL, two lower HDL‐C tertiles). Increased perfusion boundary region (PBR) of the sublingual arterial microvessels (ranging from 5 to 9 µm) using Sideview Darkfield imaging (Microscan, Glycocheck) was measured as a non‐invasive accurate index of reduced EG thickness. PBR 5‐9 was significantly decreased in group HDLH (P = 0.04). In the whole population, HDL‐C was inversely but moderately related to PBR 5‐9 (r = −0.22, P = 0.01). In a multiple linear regression analysis model, using age, BMI, smoking habit, HDL‐C, LDL‐C, and office SBP, as independent variables, the authors found that BMI (β = 0.25, P = 0.006) independently predicted PBR 5‐9 in the whole population. In older hypertensive patients, HDL‐C ranging between 71 and 101 mg/dL might moderately protect EG and subsequently endothelial function. Future studies in several groups of low‐ or high‐risk hypertensives are needed in order to evaluate the beneficial role of extremely elevated HDL‐C regarding cardiovascular risk evaluation as well as endothelial glycocalyx as a novel index of target organ damage in essential hypertension.

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“…Often various forms of cholesterol can be associated with protection against heart disease and extended longevity [32]. Furthermore, cholesterol has been suggested to be more predictive for heart disease for young individuals, and less predictive for older individuals [9,10], and more predictive for men and less for women [33]. The present findings show almost no correlation of general cholesterol with the disease (Normalized mutual information C=0.00564), while it is much stronger correlated with the disease when combined with age (C=0.06582), and in the triple combination with sex, the correlation is even stronger (C=0.15166).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information Theoretical Analysis of Aging as a Risk Factor for Heart Disease

Blokh¹,

Stambler²

2015

Aging and disease

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ABSTRACT:We estimate the weight of various risk factors in heart disease, and the particular weight of age as a risk factor, individually and combined with other factors. To establish the weights we use the information theoretical measure of normalized mutual information that permits determining both individual and combined correlation of diagnostic parameters with the disease status. The present information theoretical methodology takes into account the non-linear correlations between the diagnostic parameters, as well as their non-linear changes with age. Thus it may be better suited to analyze complex biological aging systems than statistical measures that only estimate linear relations. We show that individual parameters, including age, often show little correlation with heart disease. Yet in combination, the correlation improves dramatically. For diagnostic parameters specific for heart disease the increase in the correlative capacity thanks to the combination of diagnostic parameters, is less pronounced than for the less specific parameters. Age shows the highest influence on the presence of disease among the non-specific parameters and the combination of age with other diagnostic parameters substantially improves the correlation with the disease status. Hence age is considered as a primary "metamarker" of aging-related heart disease, whose addition can improve diagnostic capabilities. In the future, this methodology may contribute to the development of a system of biomarkers for the assessment of biological/physiological age, its influence on disease status, and its modifications by therapeutic interventions.

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High Levels of HDL Cholesterol Do Not Predict Protection From Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

The Association of Elevated HDL Levels With Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Women With Untreated Essential Hypertension

The Association of Elevated HDL Levels With Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Women With Untreated Essential Hypertension

HDL cholesterol levels and endothelial glycocalyx integrity in treated hypertensive patients

Information Theoretical Analysis of Aging as a Risk Factor for Heart Disease

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