High-Modulus Oriented Cellulose Nanopaper

Nanocellulose in Sensing and Biosensing

“…properties. 12,17,18,25,36,46,48,[50][51][52][53][54] Due to their multi-performance character and variety of morphologies -e.g., nanocrystals, nanofibrils, nanofilms and electrospun cellulose fibers and different forms -e.g., papers, transparent films, hydrogels, aerogels, spherical particles, etc-,NCs have acquired increasing attention in numerous applications such as biomaterials engineering, biomedicine, energy (batteries and solar cells), membranes, opto/electronic devices, polymer nanocomposites, textiles and clothing, food, medical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, packaging industries, etc. 12,[17][18][19]21,24,25,[32][33][34]42,46,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] In order to improve and also to impart new certain properties to the surface of NCs for desired applications, according to the targeted applications, several strategies have been engineered to tune some interfacial, mechanical and optical properties of NCs and their compatibility, processability and reactivity using wide variety of materials such as hydrophobic matrices and various types of nanoparticles (NPs) and(bio)molecules.…”

“…NC offers a plethora of outstanding propertiesincluding inherent renewability, environmental sustainability, biodegradability, simplified end-of-life disposal, unique morphology, excellent chemical-modification capabilities so as to be functionalized, extraordinary mechanical strength (high elastic/Young’s modulus, high tensile strength and high stiffness), thermal (high thermal stability, very low coefficient of thermal expansion), rheological features (high storage and loss modulus with pseudoplastic and shear-thinning behavior), advantageous optical properties (high optical transparency), high gas permeability and other physicochemical (low density, hydrophilicity, high porosity, high flexibility, high surface area, high crystallinity, etc.) properties. ,,,,,,,− Because of their multiperformance character and variety of morphologies, e.g., nanocrystals, nanofibrils, nanofilms and electrospun cellulose fibers, and different forms, e.g., papers, transparent films, hydrogels, aerogels, spherical particles, etc., NCs have acquired increasing attention in numerous applications such as biomaterials engineering, biomedicine, energy (batteries and solar cells), membranes, opto/electronic devices, polymer nanocomposites, textiles and clothing, food, medical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, packaging industries, etc. ,− ,,,,− ,,,− …”

Nanocellulose from fractionated sulfite wood pulp

“…The mechanical performance of nanopapers derived from different pulp fractions is summarised in Table 2. By comparison with literature (Gindl-Altmutter et al 2012;Henriksson et al 2008) the modulus of elasticity of cellulose nanopaper is typically in the order of 10 GPa, tensile strength [ 200 MPa and elongation around 10%. This also applies to materials tested in the present study, with some minor exceptions.…”

Nanopaper Properties and Adhesive Performance of Microfibrillated Cellulose from Different (Ligno-)Cellulosic Raw Materials

“…Alkali pre-treatment, which results in increased film density, is also beneficial to the mechanical performance of sugar beet, spruce, and beech. Finally, TEMPO MFC, which is known to provide nanopapers of superior performance [ 36 , 37 , 38 ], clearly shows the highest tensile strength. Interestingly, the modulus of elasticity of TEMPO MFC nanopaper is matched by alkali-treated fibrillated beech (NaOH beech).…”