High Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Density, Increased by Viral Coinfection, Is Associated With Invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Wolter, Nicole; Tempia, Stefano; Cohen, Cheryl; Madhi, Shabir А.; Venter, Marietjie; Moyes, Jocelyn; Walaza, Sibongile; Malope-Kgokong, Babatyi; Groome, Michelle; Plessis, Mignon du; Magomani, Victoria; Pretorius, Marthi; Hellferscee, Orienka; Dawood, Halima; Kahn, Kathleen; Variava, Ebrahim; Klugman, Keith P.; Gottberg, Anne von

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu326

Cited by 171 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The synergistic effect produced by bacterial and viral co-infection resulting in more severe pneumonia has been described. [17] The severity of AVP as measured by hypoxia and need for ICU admission was associated with both development of PLD and death. This finding is consistent with previous studies looking at outcomes following adenoviral infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Adenovirus-associated pneumonia in South African children: Presentation, clinical course and outcome

Zampoli

Mukuddem-Sablay

2017

S Afr Med J

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Background. Viruses have emerged as important aetiological agents of childhood pneumonia. Objective. To investigate the clinical presentation, severity and outcome of adenovirus-associated pneumonia (AVP) in children. Methods. A retrospective analysis of AVP cases over 12 months was performed, including demographic, clinical course and outcome (death, persistent lung disease (PLD)) data. Results. Two hundred and six AVP cases (median age 12 months, interquartile range 6 -24) were identified; 70 children (34.0%) were malnourished and 14 (6.8%) were HIV-infected. Twenty-nine children (14.1%) developed PLD, which was associated with hypoxia at presentation in 26 cases (89.7%; p=0.01) and necessitated admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) in 18 (62.1%; p<0.01); 18/206 children (8.7%) died. Admission to the ICU (odds ratio (OR) 8.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3 -29.0) and a positive blood culture (OR 11.2, 95% CI 2.3 -54.1) were independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusions. Adenovirus is a potential cause of pneumonia and PLD in young children in South Africa. ICU admission and a positive blood culture were associated with poor outcome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Adenovirus-associated pneumonia in South African children: Presentation, clinical course and outcome

Zampoli

Mukuddem-Sablay

2017

S Afr Med J

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“…A Dutch study reported bacterial isolates in 3.7% blood cultures from ventilated RSV-infected patients, half the rate observed in our study 20 . Given that RSV causes functional changes in respiratory epithelial cells facilitating adherence and invasion of bacteria 21 , excess invasive disease may associate with higher nasopharyngeal carriage rates in infants from developing countries 22,23 . Even then, since between 0.8 to 17.4% bacterial pneumonia yield positive blood cultures 24 , we may be underestimating bacterial burden in RSV mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Burden and Risk Factors

Geoghegan

Erviti

Caballero

et al. 2017

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

136

149

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RSV was the most frequent cause of mortality in low-income postneonatal infants. RF and death due to RSV LRTI, almost exclusively associated with prematurity and cardiopulmonary diseases in industrialized countries, primarily affect term infants in a developing world environment. Poor outcomes at hospitals are frequent and associated with the cooccurrence of bacterial sepsis and clinically significant pneumothoraxes.

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“…In the case of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, this is particularly important since both pneumococcal infection and carriage rates are significantly correlated with the severity of the influenza season [10] which fluctuates from year to year. In addition, some pneumococcal serotypes present in epidemic waves that may last several months to a few years [11,12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage and antibiotic resistance: The Palestinian-Israeli Collaborative Research (PICR)

Daana

Rahav

Hamdan

et al. 2015

Vaccine

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High Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Density, Increased by Viral Coinfection, Is Associated With Invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Abstract: Respiratory virus infection was associated with elevated colonization density and, in turn, invasive pneumococcal pneumonia.

Cited by 171 publications

References 46 publications

Adenovirus-associated pneumonia in South African children: Presentation, clinical course and outcome

Adenovirus-associated pneumonia in South African children: Presentation, clinical course and outcome

Mortality due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Burden and Risk Factors

Measuring the effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage and antibiotic resistance: The Palestinian-Israeli Collaborative Research (PICR)

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