High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of preservative-treated timber for 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole and methylene bisthiocyanate

Kennedy, M. J.

doi:10.1039/an9861100701

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Benzothiazoles are used as vulcanization accelerators in the manufacture of rubber products and tires (Engels H.-W., 1993), as herbicides in agriculture (Hartley and Kidd, 1987), as fungicides in the leather and lumber production (Bugby et al, 1990, Kennedy, 1986 and as stabilizers in the photo industry (Wik and Dave, 2009). The chemical structure of BTHs (Table 1) consists of a 5membered 1,3-thiazole ring attached to a benzene ring by a common CC bond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation rates of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles under UV-C irradiation and the advanced oxidation process UV/H2O2

et al. 2015

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Benzotriazoles (BTs) and benzothiazoles (BTHs) are extensively used chemicals found in a wide range of household and industrial products. They are chemically stable and are therefore ubiquitous in the aquatic environment. The present study focuses on the potential of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), to remove BTs and BTHs from contaminated waters. Six compounds, three out of each chemical class, were investigated using a low-pressure mercury lamp (main emission at 254 nm) as the radiation source. Initially, the direct phototransformation kinetics and quantum yield in dilute aqueous solution was studied over the pH range of 4-12. All BTs and BTHs, except for benzothiazole, exhibited pH-dependent direct phototransformation rate constants and quantum yields in accordance to their acid-base speciation (7.1 < pKa < 8.9). The direct phototransformation quantum yields (9.0 × 10(-4)-3.0 × 10(-2) mol einstein(-1)), as well as the photon fluence-based rate constants (1.2-48 m(2) einstein(-1)) were quite low. This suggests that UV irradiation alone is not an efficient method to remove BTs and BTHs from impacted waters. The second-order rate constants for the reaction of selected BTs and BTHs with the hydroxyl radical were also determined, and found to fall in the range of 5.1-10.8 × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1), which is typical for aromatic contaminants. Finally, the removal of BTs and BTHs was measured in wastewater and river water during application of UV irradiation or the advanced oxidation process UV/H2O2. The latter process provided an efficient removal, mostly due to the effect of the hydroxyl radical, that was comparable to other aromatic aquatic contaminants, in terms of energy requirement or treatment costs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation rates of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles under UV-C irradiation and the advanced oxidation process UV/H2O2

et al. 2015

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“…2‐(Thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB) is one of the substitutes for the antifouling agent tributyltin, which has been shown to act as an endocrine disruptor. TCMTB was previously used as an antistaining chemical in wood preservation,1,, 2 and is still in use as a fungicide in industrial processes such as tanning 3…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to UV detection has also been shown to be well suited to detect the more polar or less thermally stable benzothiazoles such as TCMTB,1,, 2 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and 2,2′‐dithiobis(benzothiazole) (MBTS15) and benzothiazole‐2‐sulfonic acid (BTSA9), but the selectivity as well as sensitivity of UV detection is limited.…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of 2-substituted benzothiazoles of industrial use from water by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Reemtsma

2000

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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A method was developed for the analysis of 2‐substituted benzothiazoles from wastewaters by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS). While benzothiazole (BT), 2‐amino‐ (ABT), 2‐methyl‐, 2‐thiocyanomethylthio‐ and 2‐methylthiobenzothiazole were separated with a methanol gradient acidified with formic acid and detected in the positive mode, 2‐mercapto‐ and 2‐hydroxybenzothiazole (OHBT) as well as benzothiazole‐2‐sulfonic acid (BTSA) were separated with the addition of ammonium acetate and detected in the negative ion mode. Detection limits range from 10 ng L−1 for ABT to 200 ng L−1 for OHBT after direct injection of 100 µL sample volumes, while BT requires 2.5 µg L−1. The method is, thus, suitable for direct analysis in wastewaters. Its application to tannery effluent samples revealed, that, besides a 90–95% elimination of total benzothiazoles, the concentration of OHBT and BTSA increased during the biological treatment. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…To determine MBT distribution in wood, several chromatography techniques have been used (Williams et al 1985;Kennedy 1986;Kennedy and Woods 1996). Williams et al (1985) analysed treated timber for MBT using gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) but were unsuccessful due to diYculties with extraction and separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Williams et al (1985) analysed treated timber for MBT using gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) but were unsuccessful due to diYculties with extraction and separation. Kennedy (1986) developed a HPLC method that was suitable for the analysis of MBT. However, he concluded that since any single piece of wood has extreme variability in anatomy and chemical composition, and contains regions with high and low retention zones; this results in uneven preservative distribution, making it diYcult to ensure reproducibility in any testing system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration of methylene bis thiocyanate in wood and its effect on a wood degrading fungus

Singh¹

2007

Eur J Forest Res

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The mobility and concentrations of methylene bis thiocyanate (MBT) at diVerent depths of wood billets (200 mm long, 40 mm in diameter) of Pinus radiata were determined using NMR spectroscopy and ICP-ASE. Results were then correlated with the eVect of wood MBT concentrations on growth of O. Xoccosum in a bioassay using stereomicroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The 13 C NMR spectra showed the presence or the absence of MBT in wood but it was unable to detect small concentrations. ICP-ASE, however produced quantitative data across the depth (40 mm) of the wood billets tested. Within 7 days of storage, MBT penetrated from surface to pith but showed signiWcantly higher concentrations of MBT in surface wood compared to pith wood. Present study highlighted the beneWt of using CLSM for fungal detection in wood. The information obtained from ICP-ASE and CLSM analysis suggested to inhibit growth of O. Xoccosum, the MBT concentration needs to be >55 g/g of dry wood. Due to its high detection capacity, ICP-ASE is identiWed as an excellent tool for MBT detection and quantiWcation in wood.

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High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of preservative-treated timber for 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole and methylene bisthiocyanate

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Degradation rates of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles under UV-C irradiation and the advanced oxidation process UV/H2O2

Degradation rates of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles under UV-C irradiation and the advanced oxidation process UV/H2O2

Determination of 2-substituted benzothiazoles of industrial use from water by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Migration of methylene bis thiocyanate in wood and its effect on a wood degrading fungus

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