High-performance liquid chromatography on glass chips using precisely defined porous polymer monoliths as particle retaining elements

Advances in and prospects of microchip liquid chromatography

“…This packing channel then is completely closed off to flow using a UV-polymerized monolith solution, eliminating any extra-column broadening that might occur due to this layout [19]. This polymer technique was later modified so that the actual monolith itself could be used as a frit [20]. With these porous polymeric monolith (PPM) frits (Figure 1), beds can be packed in reverse from the column outlet and then fritted in a specific desired position, which allows flexibility in where the column is located on the device as well as facilitating different column lengths with a single chip design [20,21].…”

“…This polymer technique was later modified so that the actual monolith itself could be used as a frit [20]. With these porous polymeric monolith (PPM) frits (Figure 1), beds can be packed in reverse from the column outlet and then fritted in a specific desired position, which allows flexibility in where the column is located on the device as well as facilitating different column lengths with a single chip design [20,21]. Other novel particle retaining techniques for packed beds on chips include the use of an embedded microstructure fiber (containing an array of evenly spaced channels) that acts as both a frit and an emitter spray tip [22] and a stationary phase doped with magnetic nanoparticles that can be controlled by an external magnet to generate a site-specific frit [23].…”

“…Then, an outlet frit is polymerized at a position equal to the desired length of the column, with any remaining particles then flushed out of the outlet (D). Used with permission from Elsevier from reference [20]. …”

Fracture strength of glass chips for high-pressure microfluidics

“…Transparent systems, such as of glass, offer optical access, and a number of applications rely on them [5][6][7].…”

A Portable Liquid Chromatograph with a Battery-operated Compact Electroosmotic Pump and a Microfluidic Chip Device with a Reversed Phase Packed Column

“…The majority of such research has focused on the fabrication of miniaturized columns in microfluidic format. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] These systems still use conventional HPLC pumps and detectors including laser-induced fluorescent microscopes.…”