“…Exploring innovation ecosystems, Xu, Wu, Minshall, and Zhou (2018) focus on 3D printing in China, showcasing its impact on science and technology. When applied to oil-dependent nations, this innovation ecosystem holds the potential to drive advancements in science, technology, and research, facilitating the transformation of these nations into knowledge-based economies (Wallner & Menrad, 2011). Su, Kajikawa, Tsujimoto, and Chen (2018) further underscore the significance of innovation ecosystems in value creation, particularly in improving business performance through technological development.…”